A spatial threshold for astrocyte calcium surge.

Astrocytes are active cells involved in brain function through the bidirectional communication with neurons, in which astrocyte calcium plays a crucial role. Synaptically evoked calcium increases can be localized to independent subcellular domains or expand to the entire cell, i.e.

Peptipedia v2.0: a peptide sequence database and user-friendly web platform. A major update.

In recent years, peptides have gained significant relevance due to their therapeutic properties. The surge in peptide production and synthesis has generated vast amounts of data, enabling the creation of comprehensive databases and information repositories. Advances in sequencing techniques and artificial intelligence have further accelerated the design of tailor-made peptides.

maintains two ohnologs, and , for distinct roles in ergosterol gene regulation to mediate sterol homeostasis under azole and hypoxic conditions.

Unlabelled: exhibits innate resistance to azole antifungal drugs but also has the propensity to rapidly develop clinical drug resistance. Azole drugs, which target Erg11, is one of the major classes of antifungals used to treat infections. Despite their widespread use, the mechanism controlling azole-induced gene expression and drug resistance in has primarily revolved around Upc2 and/or Pdr1.

Simultaneous analysis of antimicrobial residues and contaminants in poultry droppings by HPLC-MS/MS: a tool for environmental and food safety monitoring.

Animal waste is a potential pollution hazard as it can harbour contaminants, such as antimicrobial residues, mycotoxins, and pesticides, becoming a risk to the public, animal, and environmental health. To assess this risk, 15 experimental broiler chickens orally received contaminants to evaluate excretion levels. An analytical method was previously developed to detect 18 substances in poultry droppings using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS).

Salinity Measurement with a Plasmonic Sensor Based on Doubly Deposited Tapered Optical Fibers.

Salinity is a very important parameter from an environmental perspective, and therefore, efficient and accurate systems are required for marine environmental monitoring and productive industries. A plasmonic sensor based on doubly deposited tapered optical fibers (DLUWTs-double-layer uniform-waist tapers) for the measurement of salinity is presented. The physical principle of the sensor, as well as its structure, is discussed, and its performance is experimentally demonstrated, obtaining very good sensitivities.

High-Resolution Ultrasound Platform for Infant Meningitis Detection: An In Vitro Demonstration.

Infant meningitis remains a severe burden on global health, particularly for young infants. Traditional ultrasound imaging techniques are limited in spatial resolution to visualize white blood cells (WBCs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is considered a well-established marker for meningitis detection. This work presents a novel platform that uses high-resolution ultrasound to detect the backscatter signals from microscopic CSF WBCs through the anterior fontanelle of neonates and young infants.

The contribution of histopathology to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lessons from archival biopsy samples.

Background: Histopathological analysis of tissue samples is an ancillary complementary diagnostic tool in tuberculosis (TB) with variable sensitivity and specificity according to different clinical settings. We evaluated the spectrum of histological findings, their diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic utility, and requests over time in a sample of archival biopsies.

Methods: Analysis of biopsies of confirmed TB cases between years 2011-2019 at a reference hospital in Chile.

maintains two Hap1 homologs, Zcf27 and Zcf4, for distinct roles in ergosterol gene regulation to mediate sterol homeostasis under azole and hypoxic conditions.

exhibits innate resistance to azole antifungal drugs but also has the propensity to rapidly develop clinical drug resistance. Azole drugs, which target Erg11, is one of the three major classes of antifungals used to treat infections. Despite their widespread use, the mechanism controlling azole-induced gene expression and drug resistance in has primarily revolved around Upc2 and/or Pdr1.

N-Myristoytransferase Inhibition Causes Mitochondrial Iron Overload and Parthanatos in TIM17A-Dependent Aggressive Lung Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Myristoylation is a type of protein acylation by which the fatty acid myristate is added to the N-terminus of target proteins, a process mediated by N-myristoyltransferases (NMT). Myristoylation is emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic target; however, the molecular determinants of sensitivity to NMT inhibition or the mechanism by which it induces cancer cell death are not completely understood. We report that NMTs are a novel therapeutic target in lung carcinoma cells with LKB1 and/or KEAP1 mutations in a KRAS-mutant background.

Peptide-based drug discovery through artificial intelligence: towards an autonomous design of therapeutic peptides.

With their diverse biological activities, peptides are promising candidates for therapeutic applications, showing antimicrobial, antitumour and hormonal signalling capabilities. Despite their advantages, therapeutic peptides face challenges such as short half-life, limited oral bioavailability and susceptibility to plasma degradation. The rise of computational tools and artificial intelligence (AI) in peptide research has spurred the development of advanced methodologies and databases that are pivotal in the exploration of these complex macromolecules.

Admissions by tuberculosis in a regional reference Center. A complex and worrying scenario.

Objectives: To characterize clinical aspects, evaluate the diagnostic opportunity, and identify factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: Retrospective study of patients admitted for TB to a Regional Hospital in Chile between 2011 and 2019.

Results: 142 TB events required hospitalization in this period (38.

[Assessing Convalescent Plasma Efficacy in Moderate COVID-19 Hospitalizations: A Bicentric Retrospective Study].

Introduction: COVID-19 claimed millions of lives, mainly in the pre-vaccine era. Preliminary studies showed promising efficacy of convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 (CP).

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of CP in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with moderate severity.

Auditory stimulation during REM sleep modulates REM electrophysiology and cognitive performance.

REM sleep is critical for memory, emotion, and cognition. Manipulating brain activity during REM could improve our understanding of its function and benefits. Earlier studies have suggested that auditory stimulation in REM might modulate REM time and reduce rapid eye movement density.

Insect Vector and Reservoir Plant of ' × ' Phyllody Phytoplasma (16SrXIII-F) in Central Region of Chile.

Strawberry phyllody has emerged as a prevalent disease affecting Chilean strawberry in recent years. The causal pathogen, ' × ' phyllody phytoplasma (StrPh), is categorized within the 16S ribosomal group XIII that is exclusively found in the Americas. In the context of economically significant crops, hemipteran insect vectors and alternative host plants play a pivotal role in their natural dissemination.

Assessing the Effect of Oxytetracycline on the Selection of Resistant in Treated and Untreated Broiler Chickens.

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is administered in the poultry industry for the treatment of digestive and respiratory diseases. The use of OTC may contribute to the selection of resistant bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of birds or in the environment. To determine the effect of OTC on the selection of resistant strains post-treatment, bacteria were isolated from droppings and litter sampled from untreated and treated birds.

SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: The COmmunity Cohort Study.

Based on the recommendations of the Vaccine Advisory Committee and the National Immunization Program, Chile implemented an early vaccination process of the population with vaccines from different laboratories. The study of neutralizing antibody levels in different population subgroups contributes to the establishment of correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 2022 and 2023 we set up a community cohort of 914 adults with cardiovascular risk factors.

Basal Forebrain Modulation of Olfactory Coding .

Sensory perception is one of the most fundamental brain functions, allowing individuals to properly interact and adapt to a constantly changing environment. This process requires the integration of bottom-up and topdown neuronal activity, which is centrally mediated by the basal forebrain, a brain region that has been linked to a series of cognitive processes such as attention and alertness. Here, we review the latest research using optogenetic approaches in rodents and electrophysiological recordings that are shedding light on the role of this region, in regulating olfactory processing and decisionmaking.

No seroconversion among healthcare workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 during the early phase of the pandemic.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is associated with morbidity, hospitalizations, absenteeism, and mortality among healthcare workers (HCW).

Aim: To evaluate the seroconversion rate in HCW exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the early pandemic phase in 2020 at a regional reference hospital.

Material And Methods: One hundred seventy-nine HCW working at a regional hospital were invited to a longitudinal study performed between April-July 2020.

A spatial threshold for astrocyte calcium surge.

Unlabelled: Astrocytes are active cells involved in brain function through the bidirectional communication with neurons, in which the astrocyte calcium signal plays a crucial role. Synaptically-evoked calcium increases can be localized to independent subcellular domains or expand to the entire cell, i.e.