Mutation analysis of PTPN11 in Noonan syndrome by WAVE.

The chapter details the methodology for polymerase chain reaction amplification and WAVE denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis for all coding exons for the gene PTPNI1, which is mutated in approx 50% of cases of Noonan Syndrome. Although DNA sequencing is initially required to determine the mutation(s) detected by WAVE (sequencing methods are not described in this chapter), each mutation has its own DHPLC signature, and experienced operatives can determine known mutations on this basis. The new Navigator software has made this process more reliable.

Genomic screening of fibroblast growth-factor receptor 2 reveals a wide spectrum of mutations in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis.

It has been known for several years that heterozygous mutations of three members of the fibroblast growth-factor-receptor family of signal-transduction molecules-namely, FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3-contribute significantly to disorders of bone patterning and growth. FGFR3 mutations, which predominantly cause short-limbed bone dysplasia, occur in all three major regions (i.e.