Assessing the Accuracy of AI Models in Orthodontic Knowledge: A Comparative Study Between ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard.

Objective: To compare the knowledge accuracy of ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard in response to knowledge-based questions related to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment modalities.

Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthodontics, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 23rd to August 30th 2023.

Long term nitrofurantoin induced interstitial lung disease: a case series and literature review.

Background And Aim: In the UK, prophylactic use of nitrofurantoin is recommended in women who have 3 or more UTI per year. Reported cases of nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary toxicity are limited and the exact mechanism of chronic nitrofurantoin induced lung reaction is unclear. In England, the national trend for prescribing Nitrofurantoin has gone up significantly in the last 10 years.

Non-osseous intradural tuberculoma of the thoracic spine with compressive myelopathy.

Key Clinical Message: An uncommon form of CNS tuberculosis called non-osseous IDEM tuberculoma frequently results from paradoxical drug interactions. It should be considered one of the differentials when patients receiving ATT experience acute neurological impairment.

Abstract: Tuberculoma affecting the spinal cord is a rare condition in modern times.

Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare types of tumors, but the incidence is increasing, and we now know more about the pathogenesis and management of rectal GIST. The main goal is to resect the tumor with negative microscopic margins. With the development of neoadjuvant Imatinib therapy, preoperative reduction in tumor size has become possible, thus introducing the chance for anus-preserving surgery, with better quality of life.

Cascading of teachers training at higher education in Pakistan: An evaluation of a faculty professional development program.

Evaluation refers to a systematic collection of data and utilization of that data to improve the program or project. It provides data to judge whether the program attained its goals and to help plan future training. This study aimed to implement an exploratory sequential research framework to evaluate the Master Trainer-Faculty Professional Development Program (MT-FPFP).

COVID-19 with bilateral pneumothoraces- case report.

To the best of our knowledge, there is no case report or data published regarding COVID pneumonitis presenting initially as pneumothorax.There are 3 case reports published to-date (May 30, 2020) reporting secondary pneumothorax as complication in later stages of Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 in non-ventilated patients. We present a case of COVID-19 disease presenting as tension pneumothorax after a week of symptoms and developing a second pneumothorax on the contralateral side post mechanical ventilation.

Segregation and potential functional impact of a rare stop-gain PABPC4L variant in familial atypical Parkinsonism.

Atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases with heterogeneous clinical and pathological features. Most APDs are sporadic, but rare familial forms have also been reported. Epidemiological and post-mortem studies associated APDs with oxidative stress and cellular protein aggregates.

Synthesis and in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential of dihydropyridine derivatives.

Twelve derivatives of dihydropyridine derivatives (6-17) were synthesized and evaluated for in-vitro cholinesterases (AChE, BChE) inhibitory activity. All compounds showed potent activity with IC50 values between 0.21±0.

Regaining a Spatial Dimension: Mechanically Transferrable Two-Dimensional InAs Nanofins Grown by Selective Area Epitaxy.

We report a method for growing rectangular InAs nanofins with deterministic length, width, and height by dielectric-templated selective-area epitaxy. These freestanding nanofins can be transferred to lay flat on a separate substrate for device fabrication. A key goal was to regain a spatial dimension for device design compared to nanowires, while retaining the benefits of bottom-up epitaxial growth.

Imidazole-pyrazole hybrids: Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro bioevaluation against α-glucosidase enzyme with molecular docking studies.

Herein, substituted imidazole-pyrazole hybrids (2a-2n) were prepared via a multi component reaction employing pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes (1a-1d), ammonium acetate, benzil and arylamines as reactants. All the new compounds were characterized through their spectral and elemental analyses. Further these compounds were tested against α-glucosidase enzyme.

p-GaAs Nanowire Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors with Near-Thermal Limit Gating.

Difficulties in obtaining high-performance p-type transistors and gate insulator charge-trapping effects present two major challenges for III-V complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. We report a p-GaAs nanowire metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) that eliminates the need for a gate insulator by exploiting the Schottky barrier at the metal-GaAs interface. Our device beats the best-performing p-GaSb nanowire metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), giving a typical subthreshold swing of 62 mV/dec, within 4% of the thermal limit, on-off ratio ∼10, on-resistance ∼700 kΩ, contact resistance ∼30 kΩ, peak transconductance 1.

Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibiting potentials with docking calculations of synthesized arylidene-pyrazolones.

Herein, condensation of aryl(hetaryl)pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 1(a-c) with substituted pyrazolones 2(a-d) lead to the corresponding arylidene-pyrazolones 3(a-l) which were tested against α-glucosidase enzyme. The synthesized compounds displayed moderate to good activity. Among these, a coumarin derivative 3k exhibited excellent results (IC 2.

Biological evaluation of new imidazole derivatives tethered with indole moiety as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.

A series of triarylimidazoles substituted with 2-arylindoles (4a-4j) were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro α-Glucosidase inhibition. α-Glucosidase inhibition assay displayed a new class of highly potent agents The new compounds showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as compared to the standard inhibitor acrabose. Structures of synthesized compounds were determined by using Mass spectrometry FT-IR, H NMR and C NMR.

Engineering Highly Interconnected Neuronal Networks on Nanowire Scaffolds.

Identifying the specific role of physical guidance cues in the growth of neurons is crucial for understanding the fundamental biology of brain development and for designing scaffolds for tissue engineering. Here, we investigate the structural significance of nanoscale topographies as physical cues for neurite outgrowth and circuit formation by growing neurons on semiconductor nanowires. We monitored neurite growth using optical and scanning electron microscopy and evaluated the spontaneous neuronal network activity using functional calcium imaging.

In search of new α-glucosidase inhibitors: Imidazolylpyrazole derivatives.

Under three different reaction conditions (conventional heating, microwave irradiations and amino acid catalysis), a series of imidazolylpyrazoles (2a-2k) were synthesized in good to excellent yields from a mixture of three precursors: aryl(hetaryl)pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes (1a-1k), benzil and ammonium acetate. α-Glucosidase inhibition assay revealed a new class of highly potent agents wherein each compound displayed significant inhibitory potentials (in terms of percentage inhibition and relative IC values) as compared to that of the reference drug (Acarbose). Moreover, molecular modelling of most potent compounds 2h, 2j and 2k also helped in understanding the structure and activity relationship.

Nonlinear Generation of Vector Beams From AlGaAs Nanoantennas.

The quest for nanoscale light sources with designer radiation patterns and polarization has motivated the development of nanoantennas that interact strongly with the incoming light and are able to transform its frequency, radiation, and polarization patterns. Here, we demonstrate dielectric AlGaAs nanoantennas for efficient second harmonic generation, enabling the control of both directionality and polarization of nonlinear emission. This is enabled by specialized III-V semiconductor nanofabrication of high-quality AlGaAs nanostructures embedded in optically transparent low-index material, thus allowing for simultaneous forward and backward nonlinear emission.

Enhanced luminescence from GaN nanopillar arrays fabricated using a top-down process.

We report the fabrication of GaN nanopillar arrays with good structural uniformity using the top-down approach. The photoluminescence intensity from the nanopillar arrays is enhanced compared to the epilayer. We use finite difference time domain simulations to show that the enhancement in photoluminescence intensity from the nanopillar arrays is a result of anti-reflection properties of the arrays that result in enhanced light absorption and increase light extraction efficiency compared to the epilayer.

Discovery of indole-based tetraarylimidazoles as potent inhibitors of urease with low antilipoxygenase activity.

A series of tetraarylimidazoles (5A-5O) were prepared by one pot four component condensation reactions of 2-arylindole-3-carbaldehydes, substituted anilines, benzil and ammonium acetate in acetic acid. The synthesized compounds exhibited potent antiurease activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 ± 0.

Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of β-glucuronidase inhibitors.

Using structure-based virtual screening approach, a coumarin derivative (1) was identified as β-glucuronidase inhibitor. A focused library of coumarin derivatives was synthesized by eco-benign version of chemical reaction, and all synthetic compounds were characterized by using spectroscopy. These compounds were found to be inhibitor of β-glucuronidase with IC50 values in a micromolar range.

Evaluation of bisindole as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors: synthesis and in silico based studies.

Bisindole analogs 1-17 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. Out of seventeen compounds, the analog 1 (IC50=1.62±0.

Evaluation of the thiazole Schiff bases as β-glucuronidase inhibitors and their in silico studies.

Twenty eight (28) derivatives 2-29 were synthesized and four analogs were found to exhibit single-digit IC(50) values as β-glucuronidase inhibitors. Molecular modeling indicates that three factors: substituent R, lone pair on the nitrogen of azomethine part, and the interactions made by the main skeleton of the molecule, determined the enzyme inhibitory potential of these compounds. The planar conformation of the molecules allows them to fit deep inside the pocket while blocking the entry of other physiological substrates seems to play an important role in their activity.

Generation of substrate-free III-V nanodisks from user-defined multilayer nanopillar arrays for integration on Si.

High material quality InP-based multilayer nanopillar (NP) arrays are fabricated using a combination of self-assembly of silica particles for mask generation and dry etching. In particular, the NP arrays are made from user-defined epitaxial multilayer stacks with specific materials and layer thicknesses. An additional degree of flexibility in the structures is obtained by changing the lateral diameters of the NP multilayer stacks.

Synthesis and β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential of benzimidazole derivatives.

Benzimidazole derivatives 1-24 have been synthesized and their in vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory activitiy was evaluated. Compounds 15 (IC50=6.33+/-0.

Junction-type photonic crystal waveguides for notch- and pass-band filtering.

Evolution of the mode gap and the associated transmission mini stop-band (MSB) as a function of photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide width is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The change of line-defect width is identified to be the most appropriate way since it offers a wide MSB wavelength tuning range. A high transmission narrow-band filter is experimentally demonstrated in a junction-type waveguide composed of two PhC waveguides with slightly different widths.