Insect multimeric G-quadruplexes fold into antiparallel structures of different compactness and stability in K and Na solutions.

Human telomere sequences (TTAGGG) fold into G-quadruplexes with different conformations in K and Na solutions, which are highlighted for their potential as antitumor drug targets. Moreover, human multimeric G-quadruplexes have been broadly studied potentially for screening ligands with higher selectivity than monomeric G-quadruplexes. Most insects have telomeres consisting of pentanucleotide (TTAGG) repeats, which fold into an antiparallel structured G-quadruplex with a two-layer G-planar in a K solution.

Mycoviruses: Antagonistic Potential, Fungal Pathogenesis, and Their Interaction with .

Mycoviruses, or fungal viruses, are prevalent in all significant fungal kingdoms and genera. These low-virulence viruses can be used as biocontrol agents to manage fungal diseases. These viruses are divided into 19 officially recognized families and 1 unclassified genus.

Effects of Molecular Crowding on the Structure, Stability, and Interaction with Ligands of G-quadruplexes.

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are widely found in cells and have significant biological functions, which makes them a target for screening antitumor and antiviral drugs. Most of the previous research on G4s has been conducted mainly in diluted solutions. However, cells are filled with organelles and many biomolecules, resulting in a constant state of a crowded molecular environment.

Molecular crowding promotes the aggregation of parallel structured G-quadruplexes.

G-quadruplexes are widely distributed in cells and are usually essential in mediating biological processes. The intracellular environment is often in a state of molecular crowding, and the current research considerably focuses on the effect of molecular crowding on the conformation of telomeric G-quadruplexes. However, G-quadruplex-forming oligonucleotides are primarily located in the promoter region of the proto-oncogene and on mRNA inside the cell and are reported to fold into parallel structures.

RHPS4 shifted the conformation ensemble equilibrium of Tel24 by preferentially stabilizing the (3 + 1) hybrid-2 conformation.

Telomeric G-quadruplexes have been a promising target for developing antitumor drugs with fewer side effects. The intracellular environment is usually in a state of molecular crowding. Studying the interaction mechanism among ligands and telomeric G-quadruplexes under crowded conditions is important for designing drugs that target telomeric G-quadruplexes.

In vitro administration of sodium arsenite in mouse prepubertal testis induces germ cell loss and apoptosis.

High levels of arsenic contamination in drinking water pose serious health risks in numerous countries. The documentation reporting arsenic toxicity on reproduction and development is increasing, with evidence of arsenic inducing fertility and developmental issues. Nonetheless, the impact of arsenic exposure on the development of the male reproductive system is not fully elucidated.

application of sodium arsenite to mice testicular and epididymal organ cultures induces oxidative, biochemical, hormonal, and genotoxic stress.

Arsenic poisoning is well-known for its innumerable toxic and carcinogenic effects. data on reproductive toxicity are also known but data are scant. Presently, we evaluated the toxic effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO) on adult mice testes and epididymal tissues using organ cultures.

Chemical crowd control agents.

Chemical crowd control agents are also referred to as riot control agents and are mainly used by civil authorities and government agencies to curtail civil disobedience gatherings or processions by large crowds. Common riot control agents used to disperse large numbers of individuals into smaller, less destructive, and more easily controllable numbers include chloroacetophenone, chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, dibenzoxazepine, diphenylaminearsine, and oleoresin capsicum. In this paper, we discuss the emergency medical care needed by sufferers of acute chemical agent contamination and raise important issues concerning toxicology, safety and health.

ABO blood group frequency in Ischemic heart disease patients in Pakistani population.

Objectives: To determine if there is any significant association between ABO blood groups and ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods: The study was performed at Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Study duration was from January 2012 to September 2012.

Clinical profile and complication of malaria hepatopathy.

Background: This study was designed to study the patient characteristics, presenting features and complications of malaria in patients with elevated liver enzymes and to compare these data to those of patients with normal liver enzymes.

Methods: A convenient sample of 100 patients with malaria was selected from three tertiary care referral hospitals. Study subjects were divided into two groups: (1) patients (controls) with normal liver enzymes and (2) patients (cases) with >3 times the normal liver enzymes in the absence of an alternate explanation for such elevation.

Gas geyser--a cause of fatal domestic carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide is responsible for a large number of accidental domestic poisoning and deaths throughout the world. Domestic carbon monoxide poisoning is rarely reported in India and remains an under recognized problem. The diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning is usually based on autopsy findings, circumstantial evidence and estimation of carboxy-haemoglobin in blood.