[Composition of the oil-slime microbial community determined by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene].

Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of the cultured microorganisms of industrial oil-slime revealed predominance (-85-90%) of the Gammaproteobacteria in the community of aerobic heterotrophs and specific oil-slime degraders. Relation of the isolated strains with members of the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Enterobacter was established. Analysis of the same gene in the total DNA from the oil-slime revealed greater microbial diversity (-20 operative taxonomic units determined by T-RFLP) than in the cultured part of the community, which included -12 different colony types.

Draft Genome of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain KOS6 Isolated from Industrial Hydrocarbon Sludge.

Here we present a draft genome of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain KOS6. This strain was isolated from industrial hydrocarbon sludge as a diazotrophic microorganism. It represents one of the major parts of the culturable community of the waste and has potential importance for phytoremediation technology.

Influence of pH on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation by Yarrowia lipolytica.

The microbial reduction of the aromatic ring of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) can lead to its complete destruction. The acid-tolerant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15 transformed TNT through hydride ion-mediated reduction of the aromatic ring (as the main pathway), resulting in the accumulation of nitrite and nitrate ions, as well as through nitro group reduction (as minor pathway), resulting in hydroxylamino- and aminoaromatics. TNT transformation depended on the yeasts' ability to acidify the culture medium through the production of organic acids.

Participation of oxygen in the bacterial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.

The exposure of Bacillus cereus ZS18 cell suspensions to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in the absence of other oxidizable substrates increases oxygen uptake, exceeding the basal level of respiration of the bacterium 1.5- and 2-fold with 50 and 100 mg/liter of TNT, respectively. The interaction of both living and to less extent dead bacterial cells with TNT results in the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2*-) in the extracellular medium, which was revealed by the EPR spectroscopy.

[Hydride-mediated reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by yeasts as the way to its deep degradation].

Broad screening of microorganisms from natural and anthropogenic ecological niches has revealed strains Candida sp. AN-L15 and Geotrichum sp. AN-Z4 which transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) via alternative pathways (with the domination of hydride ion-mediated reduction of the aromatic ring) and produce relatively high amounts of nitrites.

Production of eight different hydride complexes and nitrite release from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Yarrowia lipolytica.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation by the yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15 was shown to occur via two different pathways. Direct aromatic ring reduction was the predominant mechanism of TNT transformation, while nitro group reduction was observed to be a minor pathway. Although growth of Y.

[Modeling of lactic acid fermentation of leguminous plant juices].

Lactic acid fermentation of leguminous plant juices was modeled to provide a comparative efficiency assessment of the previously selected strains of lactic acid bacteria as potential components of starter cultures. Juices of the legumes fodder galega, red clover, and alfalfa were subjected to lactic acid fermentation in 27 variants of experiment. Local strains (Lactobacillus sp.

[Fermentation of a high-protein plant biomass by introduction of lactic acid bacteria].

Lactic acid bacteria displaying increased ability to produce lactic acid, medium proteolytic activity, and tolerance to osmotic stress were isolated under selective conditions from phyllosphere and rhizosphere of registered and raised cultivars of legumes. Lactic fermentation of poorly ensilable leguminous plants (red clover and Caucasian goat's rue) was performed by introduction of rifampin-resistant homofermenting representatives of the genus Lactobacillus (selected according to a set of technologically important characteristics). The results demonstrate that introduction of active local strains of lactobacteria, as well as the collection strain Lactobacillus plantarum BS 933, enhances activation of ensiling and increases the quality of fodder, as assessed according to the standard criteria (a decrease in pH of the medium, the ratio of lactic acid to fatty acid homologues, and the composition of silage microflora).

[Initial stages of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene transformation by microorganisms].

Screening of a wide range of microorganisms (32 strains) isolated from various anthropogenic and natural environments and of a number of collection strains showed that the early stages of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation by the majority of the strains studied resulted in the formation of hydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (HADNTs). The levels of HADNTs were in a number of cases comparable to the initial TNT level. The alternative reductive attack at TNT through the reduction of the aromatic ring was not characteristic of most of the prokaryotes studied.

[Distribution and physiology of microorganisms in petrochemical oily sludge of plant].

The occurrence, vertical distribution, and the physiological state of microorganisms in a petrochemical oily sludge deposit were studied. The total number and the number of viable microbial cells at depths of 0.2 and 3 m were about 10 and 10(8) cells/g dry wt.

Models of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) initial conversion by yeasts.

The original models of the initial steps of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) conversion by yeasts are presented. Saccharomyces sp. ZS-A1 reduced nitro groups of TNT producing isomeric monohydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (HADNT) as the key initial metabolites (molar ratio HADNT/TNT was up to 0.

[Alternative pathways of the initial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by yeasts].

A new model for the initial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by facultatively anaerobic and aerobic yeasts is presented. The model is based on the data that Saccharomyces sp. ZS-A1 was able to reduce the nitrogroups of TNT with the formation of 2- and 4-hydroxyaminodinitrotoluenes (2-HADNT and 4-HADNT) as the major early TNT metabolites (the molar HADNT/TNT ratio reached 0.

Biotransformation patterns of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by aerobic bacteria.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), a toxic nitroaromatic explosive, accumulates in the environment, making necessary the remediation of contaminated areas and unused materials. Although bioremediation has been utilized to detoxify TNT, the metabolic processes involved in the metabolism of TNT have proven to be complex. The three aerobic bacterial strains reported here (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sp.

[Microbiological aspects of fermenting chicken manure at various temperatures].

Mesophilic and thermophilic groups of methanogenic bacteria were found in untreated fowl manure. The thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of fowl manure leads to the development of both individual methanogens utilizing only some of the methane precursors, and syntrophic associations that are also able to utilize complex substrates. The selection of methanogenic bacteria during fowl manure anaerobic fermentation results in accumulation of thermophilic forms utilizing acetate and propionate.

Microbial bioconversion of pollutants.

Microorganisms totally detoxicate xenobiotics of various chemical structures, which are serious and, in some cases, very hazardous pollutants. At present, the efforts of a number of researchers promoted the establishment in this country of a collection of microorganisms able to degrade volatile toxic pollutants--toluene, isomeric xylenes, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, crotonaldehyde; widely distributed xenobiotics chlorobenzoic acids; isomeric aryldicarboxylic acids; and ecologically hazardous pollutants such as aromatic nitrocompounds. The active strains-destructors are mainly representatives of the genera Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus.

[The characteristics of glucose tolerance in obesity].

In 151 obese patients an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out. In 118 patients (mean relative body mass 161.5 +/- 39%) the test was normal.

[Differences in the dietary intake of diabetics with and without early nephropathy].

The dietary regimen of 70 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is discussed. 24 of these patients are with microalbuminuria (initial nephropathy). The age of manifestation of diabetes and the mean age of these patients are lower and the retinopathy is more frequent than in the patients without microalbuminuria.

[An echographic assessment of fatty tissue distribution and its relation to metabolic complications in patients with obesity].

A new echographic method for the measurement of the fatty tissue in the abdominal region is proposed--subcutaneous (A) and intra-abdominal (B). The method was applied in 38 obese patients. It was established that the ratio waist measurement/haunch measurement correlates moderately with the intraabdominal fatty tissue in men (r = 0.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria.

Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured in 18 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria and an equal number with persistently normal albumin excretion. The groups were matched for sex, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, insulin dose, and glycosylated haemoglobin. Diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria were found to have a significantly lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (difference 0.

[Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene during oxygen and nitrate respiration in Pseudomonas fluorescens].

A study of the metabolic pathway and the rate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation depending on the nature of the electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of Pseudomonas fluorescens B-3468 revealed that the first reaction of nitroreduction of TNT resulting in formation of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4A) became more active in case of nitrate respiration as compared to oxygen respiration; a TNT decrease was 100 and 66%, respectively. The same tendency but much more pronounced was observed at the next stage of nitroreduction that lead to 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4DA). On the contrary, aerobic conditions are more preferable for the subsequent destruction of 2,4DA.

[Yeasts utilizing the surface-active substance Laurox-9].

Yeasts capable of utilizing the non-ionogenic surfactant Laurox-9 were identified as Cryptococcus humicolus (Daszewska) Golubev and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Jöerg) Harrison. IR spectrometry used for the quantitative assay of Laurox-9 showed that R. mucilaginosa utilized it as a sole carbon source.

[Possibilities for the deep bacterial destruction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene].

The possibility of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) deep destruction (the aromatic cycle fission inclusive) by Pseudomonas fluorescens B-3468 is reported for the first time. The formation of nitrogen-free metabolites, viz. phloroglucinol and pyrogallol, is preceded by the NAD(P)H-dependent deamination of 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DA), a TNT intermediate.

[Study of anorexia nervosa].

18 women suffering from nervous anorexia were studied. The onset of the disease was before the age of 25 years in all patients. The loss of body mass was between 25% and 40%, mean 32%.

[Autonomic disorders and thermography using liquid crystals in obesity].

The neurovegetative state was studied by a questionnaire in 70 obese patients. In 61 of them frontal and distal thermometry with liquid crystal cholesterol thermoindicators was performed and the polarization currents of the hands were recorded. In 21.

[Indications for and the therapeutic action of hypolipidemic agents in patients with hyperlipoproteinemias].

Seventy three patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) type II and IV were divided into three groups and treated with different pharmaceuticals. The first group was treated with 300 mg Radecol daily, the second--with 750 mg Probucol and the third--with 600 mg Bezalip. Best results in the patients with HLP, type II A, as regards the effect on total cholesterol were obtained in those treated with Probucol, in type II B the results from the treatment with Radecol and Probucol are similar.