[Molecular Polymorphism of β-Galactosidase LAC4 Genes in Dairy and Natural Strains of Kluyveromyces Yeasts].

The ability to ferment lactose is a characteristic peculiarity of dairy Kluyveromyces lactis yeasts; the vast majority of other yeast species are not able to assimilate this disaccharide. Molecular polymorphism of LAC4 genes encoding β-galactosidase controlling lactose fermentation is not well studied, and the published data concern only a single strain (K. lactis var.

Living off the land: Terrestrial-based diet and dairying in the farming communities of the Neolithic Balkans.

The application of biomolecular techniques to archaeological materials from the Balkans is providing valuable new information on the prehistory of the region. This is especially relevant for the study of the neolithisation process in SE Europe, which gradually affected the rest of the continent. Here, to answer questions regarding diet and subsistence practices in early farming societies in the central Balkans, we combine organic residue analyses of archaeological pottery, taxonomic and isotopic study of domestic animal remains and biomolecular analyses of human dental calculus.

Taxonomy of the yeast genus Vanderwaltozyma and proposal of Vanderwaltozyma meishanica sp. nov., Vanderwaltozyma huisunica sp. nov., and Vanderwaltozyma molinica sp. nov.

Using electrophoretic karyotyping, RAPD fingerprinting and phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA gene sequences, twenty-six Vanderwaltozyma strains were studied. Out of 19 strains isolated in mountainous areas of Taiwan, eighteen strains were isolated from soil and one strain was isolated from the fruiting body of mushroom, six were identified as V. polyspora and three as V.

Exploiting heterozygosity in industrial yeasts to create new and improved baker's yeasts.

The main aim of the work was to utilize heterozygosity of industrial yeast strains to construct new baker's yeast strains. Commercial baker's yeast strain ALKO 743, its more ethanol tolerant descendant ALKO 554 selected initially for growth over 300 generations in increasing ethanol concentrations in a glucose medium, and ALKO 3460 from an old domestic sour dough starter were used as starting strains. Isolated meiotic segregants of the strains were characterized genetically for sporulation ability and mating type, and the ploidy was determined physically.

Description of Komagataella mondaviorum sp. nov., a new sibling species of Komagataella (Pichia) pastoris.

Five methylotrophic strains (UCDFST 71-1024, UCDFST 54-11.16, UCDFST 54-11.141, UCDFST 68-967.

Ogataea haglerorum sp. nov., a novel member of the species complex, Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha.

Three strains representing a novel species of the Ogataea clade were isolated by W. T. Starmer and H.

Genetic relationship and biological status of the industrially important yeast Saccharomyces eubayanus Sampaio et al.

The genomes of the recently discovered yeast Saccharomyces eubayanus and traditional S. cerevisiae are known to be found in the yeast S. pastorianus (syn.

[Genetic Polymorphism of Sherry Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeasts].

The review deals with natural diversity of sherry (“flor”) Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. Various properties of these yeasts are analyzed: life cycles, fermentation of sugars, sensitivity to methyl violet and killer toxins, and resistance to ethanol and sulfite. Special attention is paid to molecular identification and differentiation of sherry yeasts.

[Taxonomic Genetics of Methylotrophic Yeast Genus Komagataella: New Biological Species K. kurtzmanii].

Genetic hybridization analysis revealed that industrially important species Komagataella kurtzmanii has re productive postzygotic isolation from K. pastoris, K. populi, K.

Development of a High-Throughput Gene Expression Screen for Modulators of RAS-MAPK Signaling in a Mutant RAS Cellular Context.

The RAS-MAPK pathway controls many cellular programs, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In colorectal cancers, recurrent mutations in this pathway often lead to increased cell signaling that may contribute to the development of neoplasms, thereby making this pathway attractive for therapeutic intervention. To this end, we developed a 26-member gene signature of RAS-MAPK pathway activity utilizing the Affymetrix QuantiGene Plex 2.

Discovery of 1-(1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)urea Inhibitors of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) for the Treatment of Cancers.

The ERK/MAPK pathway plays a central role in the regulation of critical cellular processes and is activated in more than 30% of human cancers. Specific BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy in patients for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, the majority of responses are transient, and resistance is often associated with pathway reactivation of the ERK signal pathway.

New family of pectinase genes PGU1b-PGU3b of the pectinolytic yeast Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum.

Using yeast genome databases and literature data, we have conducted a phylogenetic analysis of pectinase PGU genes from Saccharomyces strains assigned to the biological species S. arboricola, S. bayanus (var.

[Towards Reinstatement of the Yeast Genus Zygowilliopsis Kudriavzev (1960)].

Experimental data on genetic molecular classification and identification of the yeast genus Zygowilliopsis are summarized. The genus is represented by at least five biological species and three varieties: Z. californica: var.

[Identification and polymorphism of pectinase genes PGU in the Saccharomyces bayanus complex].

Pectinase (endo-polygalacturonase) is the key enzyme splitting plant pectin. The corresponding single gene PGU1 is documented for the yeast S. cerevisiae.

[Correction of Metabolic Processes in Rats during Chronic Endotoxicosis using Isotope (D/H) Exchange Reactions].

The effect of isotope exchange reactions (deuterium/protium, D/H) on morphofunctional indices and the state of the antioxidant blood system in rats was studied under physiological conditions and during experimental chronic endotoxicosis of hepatorenal genesis. It was demonstrated that introduction of water with a decreased content of deuterium in the food rations of rats results in a decrease in its concentration in the blood plasma by 32-36% (to 98-106 ppm) and in lyophilized liver, kidney, and heart tissues by 13-17% (to 123-128 ppm). It was noted that it is accompanied by correction of metabolic processes, an increase in the functional activity of nonspecific protection system, and an increase in the body weight growth by the 42nd day in the group of animals that passed (for 14 days) the stage of preliminary adaptation with a change in the D/H ratio in the organism.

[Hybrid Sterility of the Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Genetic Genus and Many Species in statu nascendi?].

A phenomenon of ascospore death was observed in a number of Schizosaccharomyces pombe interstrain hybrids. Meiotic recombination of the control parental auxotrophic markers was, however, observed in a random ascospore analysis. Genetic and molecular biological data indicated existence of at least geographical divergence of the genomes in Sch.

[Invertase Overproduction May Provide for Inulin Fermentation by Selection Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

In some recent publications, the ability of selection strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment inulin was attributed to inulinase activity. The review summarizes the literature data indicating that overproduction of invertase, an enzyme common to S. cerevisiae, may be responsible for this phenomenon.

[Finding of dairy yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis in natural habitats].

Well-known yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis, which are usually associated with dairy prod- ucts, were discovered in nature (in woodland park soil under Impatiens glandulifera Royle plants). Reliable identification of the yeasts was carried out using physiological criteria (lactose and maltose utilization) and molecular markers (nucleotide sequence of the 5.

[Molecular polymorphism of IB-fructosidase SUC genes in the yeast].

SUC gees encoding bea-fructosidase has been investigated in the yeast genus Saccharomyces. We have determined nucleotide sequences of subtelomeric SUC3, SUCS, SUC7, SUC8, SUC9, S UCO10 genes of S. cerevisiae and SUCa gene o:f S.

Spontaneous reversion of the angiogenic phenotype to a nonangiogenic and dormant state in human tumors.

Unlabelled: The angiogenic switch, a rate-limiting step in tumor progression, has already occurred by the time most human tumors are detectable. However, despite significant study of the mechanisms controlling this switch, the kinetics and reversibility of the process have not been explored. The stability of the angiogenic phenotype was examined using an established human liposarcoma xenograft model.