Biosynthesized and chemically synthesized Ag/TiO nanocomposites: Effect of reaction parameters on synthesis using watermelon rind extract and comparative analysis.

This work synthesized Ag/TiO nanocomposite via an aqueous reduction method using a green and chemical reducing agent. (watermelon) rind extract (WMRE) and sodium borohydride (NaBH) were used as the reducing agents during green synthesis and chemical synthesis, respectively. During green synthesis, a pH of 12, a reaction time of 45 min, and an operating temperature of 100 °C yielded the best visible light activity.

Current Trends of Nanobiosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics.

In order to provide better-quality health care, it is very important that high standards of health care management are achieved by making timely decisions based on rapid diagnostics, smart data analysis, and informatics analysis. Point-of-care testing ensures fast detection of analytes near to the patients facilitating a better disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management. It also enables quick medical decisions since the diseases can be diagnosed at an early stage which leads to improved health outcomes for the patients enabling them to start early treatment.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fruit Rind Extract.

The wide-scale application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in areas such as chemical sensing, nanomedicine, and electronics has led to their increased demand. Current methods of AgNPs synthesis involve the use of hazardous reagents and toxic solvents. There is a need for the development of new methods of synthesizing AgNPs that use environmentally safe reagents and solvents.

Biosensor for selective detection of E. coli in spinach using the strong affinity of derivatized mannose with fimbrial lectin.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in foods and water resources represents a major threat for human health and the environment. This work exploits the strong affinity of mannose-containing oligosaccharides with the fimbrial lectin of E.

Reduction of hexavalent chromium using naturally-derived flavonoids.

Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is known to form complexes with metals; a process that reduces the environmental availability of toxic metals such as chromium. We hereby report the first evidence of the removal of Cr(VI) from environmental samples using quercetin (QCR) and two synthetic derivatives: namely quercetin pentaphosphate (QPP) and quercetin sulfonic acid (QSA). We successfully synthesized both QPP and QSA using simple procedures while characterizing them with UV-vis spectroscopy, H(1)-NMR, (13)C NMR, (31)P-NMR, and LC-MS techniques.

Conducting polyamic acid membranes for sensing and site-directed immobilization of proteins.

A biosensor platform based on polyamic acid (PAA) is reported for oriented immobilization of biomolecules. PAA, a functionalized conducting polymer substrate that provides electrochemical detection and control of biospecific binding, was used to covalently attach biomolecules, resulting in a significant improvement in the detection sensitivity. The biosensor sensing elements comprise a layer of PAA antibody (or antigen) composite self-assembled onto gold (Au) electrode via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) linking.

Electrochemical sensors, MTT and immunofluorescence assays for monitoring the proliferation effects of cissus populnea extracts on Sertoli cells.

Background: We describe the development of an electrochemical sensor array for monitoring the proliferation effects of cissus populnea plant extracts on TM4 Sertoli cells.

Methods: The proliferation activities of the extracts on Sertoli cells were studied using a high-throughput electrochemical sensor array (DOX-96) and the analytical sensor characteristics were compared with conventional colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Results: This work shows that there is a definite positive trend in the proliferation effect of the extract of Cissus populnea on the TM4 Sertoli cells.

Immunosensors for quantifying cyclooxygenase 2 pain biomarkers.

Background: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in pain biomarkers, inflammation and cancer cell proliferation. Thus biosensors that can quantify pain mediators based on biochemical mechanism are imperative.

Methods: Biomolecular recognition and affinity of antigenic COX-2 with the antibody were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ultra-sensitive portable capillary (UPAC) fluorescence sensors.

Detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase using a suite of electrochemical, fluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors.

A suite of biosensors for rapid detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is described. First, a metal-enhanced electrochemical detection (MED) sensor, which relied on the redox properties of a silver monolayer, was developed. The linear detection range was between 8.

Spectroelectrochemical characterization of pain biomarkers.

This article reports the first electrochemical characterization of pain biomarkers that include arachidonic acid (AA), prostaglandin G(2) (PGG(2)), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). These biomarkers are mediators of pathophysiology of pain, inflammation, and cell proliferation in cancer. The article also reports the development of an electrochemical immunosensor for monitoring these pain biomarkers.