[Preparing for patient work founded on evidence in medical school - a questionnaire study on final-year medical students].

Several of the requirements for obtaining a medical degree according to the Swedish Higher Education Ordinance illustrate the scientific basis of the profession, and systematic reviews as well as health technology assessments (HTA) constitute cornerstones in evidence-based medicine. In this study, medical students' experience of scientific education related to the profession was explored, and their knowledge achieved was sampled by five multiple-choice questions (MCQ). A total of 433 out of 641 students attending the final semester in six medical schools in Sweden participated (response rate: 68%).

Clinical impact of circulating biomarkers in prediction of adverse cardiac events in patients with congenital heart disease. A systematic review.

Introduction: Patients with congenital heart disease (ConHD) are at increased risk for adverse cardiac events. Predicting long-term outcomes and guidance of patient management might benefit from a range of (new) biomarkers. This is a rapidly evolving field with potentially large consequences for clinical decision making.

Glucose disturbances in very low-birthweight infants-Results from the prospective LIGHT study.

Aim: To describe glucose homeostasis disturbances (dysglycaemia) in very low-birthweight infants (<1500 g) during the admission period and explore associated risk factors.

Methods: The LIGHT (very low-birthweight infants - glucose and hormonal profile over time) study was a prospective observational cohort study that included 49 very low-birthweight infants admitted to the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Umeå, Sweden, during 2016-2019. All glucose concentrations (n = 3515) sampled during the admission period were registered.

Adolescents on psychotropic treatment displayed longer corrected QT intervals than unmedicated controls when they rose rapidly from the supine position.

Aim: Psychotropic medication can contribute to arrhythmia and identifying individuals at risk is crucial. This Swedish study compared the corrected QT (QTc) intervals of adolescents on psychotropic medication with unmedicated controls, when supine and after rising rapidly.

Methods: The study was carried out at Östersund County Hospital in March 2022 and February to March 2023.

Risk factors for isolated atrial septal defect secundum morbidity.

Atrial septal defect secundum is a common type of congenital heart defect and even more common among children born premature. The aim of this study was to assess premature birth as a potential associated risk factors for cardiac morbidity in children with isolated ASD II. In this retrospective national registry-based case-control study all children born in Sweden between 2010 and 2015 with an isolated ASD II diagnosis were included.

Insulin resistance prior to term age in very low birthweight infants: a prospective study.

Objective: To explore the glucose-related hormone profile of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and assess the association between neonatal hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance during the admission period.

Design: A prospective observational study-the Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Glucose and Hormonal Profiles over Time study.

Setting: A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit and four neonatal units in county hospitals in Sweden.

A longitudinal follow-up of continuous laryngoscopy during exercise test scores in athletes irrespective of laryngeal obstruction, respiratory symptoms, and intervention.

Background: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is diagnosed by the continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE) test. Whether or how much CLE test scores vary over time is unknown. This study aimed to compare CLE test scores in athletes over time, irrespective of respiratory symptoms and grade of laryngeal obstruction.

Addressing Sexual Harassment and Gender Bias: Mandatory Modules Are Not Enough.

Background And Objectives: Despite decades of new policy guidelines and mandatory training modules, sexual harassment (SH) and gender bias (GB) continue in academic medicine. The hierarchical structure of medical training makes it challenging to act when one experiences or witnesses SH or GB. Most trainings designed to address SH and GB are driven by external mandates and do not utilize current educational techniques.

Outpatient prescription of pulmonary vasodilator therapy to preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Aim: The use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in children born preterm is largely unknown. Our aim was to map prescription patterns in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Sweden.

Methods: This was a descriptive national registry-based study of children <7 years who had been prescribed a pulmonary vasodilator during 2007-2017, were born preterm and classified as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Sexual Harassment and Gender Bias in Family Medicine: Divergent Experiences of Men and Women.

Background And Objectives: Awareness of sexual harassment (SH), gender bias (GB), and gender discrimination (GD) has spread throughout popular culture and has been highlighted at universities across the United States. More nuanced data is needed to inform policies that address these issues. However, there are currently limited qualitative studies examining the nature of SH, GB, and GD in academic medicine, particularly family medicine.

Vasodilator therapy for pulmonary hypertension in children: a national study of patient characteristics and current treatment strategies.

Pulmonary vasodilator therapy is still often an off-label treatment for pulmonary hypertension in children. The aim of this nationwide register-based study was to assess patient characteristics and strategies for pulmonary vasodilator therapy in young Swedish children. Prescription information for all children below seven years of age at treatment initiation, between 2007 and 2017, was retrieved from the National Prescribed Drug Register, and medical information was obtained by linkage to other registers.

"Am I Making More of It Than I Should?": Reporting and Responding to Sexual Harassment.

Background And Objectives: Health professionals may face sexual harassment from patients, faculty, and colleagues. Medicine's hierarchy deters response to sexual harassment. Current evidence consists largely of quantitative data regarding the frequency and types of sexual harassment.

Evidence of support used for drug treatments in pediatric cardiology.

Background And Aims: Clinical support systems are widely used in pediatric care. The aim of this study was to assess the support for drug treatments used at pediatric cardiac wards and intensive care units in Sweden.

Methods: Drug information, such as type of drug, indication, dose, and route of administration, for all in-hospital pediatric cardiac patients, was included in the study.

Improved infrastructure and support needed for paediatric clinical trials in Sweden.

Aim: There is a lack of authorised medicines for paediatric patients and improved drug development is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the need for infrastructure and support for paediatric clinical trials in Sweden.

Methods: A web-based survey was sent to doctors and nurses involved in the care of neonates, children and adolescents assessing the current situation and future needs for paediatric clinical trials in Sweden.

QTc interval-dependent body posture in pediatrics.

Background: Syncope is a common and often benign disorder presenting at the pediatric emergency department. Long-QT syndrome may be presented with syncope, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death and is vital to exclude as an underlying cause in children presented with syncope. Few studies have assessed QTc in relation to body posture in children.

Predictors of the Need for an Atrial Septal Defect Closure at Very Young Age.

An asymptomatic Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is often closed at the age of 3-5 years using a transcatheter or surgical technique. Symptomatic ASD or ASD associated with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) may require earlier closure, particularly in combination with other non-cardiac risk factors for PHT, but the indications for early closure and the potential risk for complications are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for needing ASD closure during the first and second years of life.

Risk factors for adverse events within one year after atrial septal closure in children: a retrospective follow-up study.

Introduction: Secundum atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects. Previous paediatric studies have mainly addressed echocardiographic and few clinical factors among children associated with adverse events. The aim of this study was to identify neonatal and other clinical risk factors associated with adverse events up to one year after closure of atrial septal defect.

The Prevalence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms among Cross-Country Skiers in Early Adolescence.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms among Swedish cross-country skiers in early adolescence in comparison to a population-based reference group of similar ages.

Methods: A postal questionnaire on asthma, asthma medication, allergy, respiratory symptoms, and physical activity was distributed to Swedish competitive cross-country skiers aged 12-15 years ( = 331) and a population-based reference group ( = 1000). The level of asthma control was measured by the Asthma Control Test.

Increased risk of pulmonary hypertension following premature birth.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) among children and adults has been linked to premature birth, even after adjustments for known risk factors such as congenital heart disease and chronic lung disease. The aim of this population-based registry study was to assess the risk of PAH following exposure to premature birth and other factors in the decades when modern neonatal care was introduced and survival rates increased.

Methods: Data on pulmonary hypertension and perinatal factors were retrieved from population-based governmental and national quality registers.

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective treatment for children with persistent asthma. Although treatment with ICS is generally considered to be safe in children, the potential adverse effects of these drugs on growth remains a matter of concern for parents and physicians.

Objectives: To assess the impact of different inhaled corticosteroid drugs and delivery devices on the linear growth of children with persistent asthma.

Adverse events within 1 year after surgical and percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects in preterm children.

Introduction: Atrial septal defect is the third most common CHD. A hemodynamically significant atrial septal defect causes volume overload of the right side of the heart. Preterm children may suffer from both pulmonary and cardiac comorbidities, including altered myocardial function.