Prevalence of Hepatitis B core antibodies with negative Hepatitis B surface antigen in dialysis and chronic kidney disease patients.

Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a potential cause of infection transmission in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis-dependant patients. It is liable to be missed since the marker for OBI, hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), is not done routinely. We carried out a study to assess the prevalence of OBI in CKD Stage II-V or requiring renal replacement therapy.

Hyponatraemia: Epidemiology and aetiology in a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of hospitalized patients with hyponatraemia.

Methods: Subjects were identified through hospital information system for two consecutive low sodium values (< 130 mEq/L) and charts were reviewed retrospectively. Possible etiologic factors were identified and co-morbidities documented.

Pulmonary renal syndrome in a patient with vasculitis: Case report and review of literature.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) previously known as Wegner's granulomatosis, is a small vessel vasculitis that preferentially involves capillaries, arterioles and venules, presenting as multisystemic disease classically with alveolar haemorrhage and renal insufficiency. We report a case of GPA diagnosed on history, clinical findings and supported by imaging and very high levels of C-ANCA. Renal biopsy confirmed the typical histopathological findings.

IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis: A case report and review of literature.

Idiopathic Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare clinical condition recently identified as an autoimmune process related to Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) deposition. Herein we report a case of a 46 year old male presenting with 4 months history of backache, fever, flank pain and leg swelling for 2 weeks. Investigations revealed acute kidney injury diagnosed as a result of bilateral ureteric obstruction.

Cerebral salt wasting: a report of three cases.

Hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion is commonly observed in patients with various neurological disorders. Cerebral Salt Wasting (CSW) resulting in hyponatremia is also an infrequent occurrence in some patients with neurological disorders. Confusion in differentiating CSW from SIADH may arise since both results in similar electrolyte disturbances.

Scleroderma renal crises: case report and review of literature.

Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is a connective tissue disorder which involves skin, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and lungs with considerable morbidity. Scleroderma renal crisis is a well-known severe form of renal involvement, characterised by the presence of high blood pressure with variable degrees of renal insufficiency. We report a case of scleroderma renal crisis diagnosed on the basis of history of scleroderma, high blood pressure and renal dysfunction.

Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: Capitonnage is mandatory following Cystotomy.

Pulmonary hydatid disease still remains an important healthcare problem. Conservative operative interventions including cystotomy or cystotomy with capitonnage are the two commonly used techniques. There is still significant controversy, however, over selection of these two procedures.

Pulmonary hydatid disease: is capitonnage mandatory following cystotomy?

Pulmonary hydatid disease still remains an important healthcare problem. Conservative operative interventions including cystotomy or cystotomy with capitonnage are the two commonly used techniques. There is still significant controversy, however, over selection of these two procedures.

Validation of predictive equations for glomerular filtration rate in the Saudi population.

Predictive equations provide a rapid method of assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To compare the various predictive equations for the measurement of this parameter in the Saudi population, we measured GFR by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault formulas, cystatin C, reciprocal of cystatin C, creatinine clearance, reciprocal of creatinine, and inulin clearance in 32 Saudi subjects with different stages of renal disease. We compared GFR measured by inulin clearance and the estimated GFR by the equations.

Serum cystatin C: a surrogate marker for the characteristics of peritoneal membrane in dialysis patients.

To evaluate whether cystatin C levels can be a surrogate marker of creatinine clearance and reflect the characteristics of peritoneal membrane in dialysis patients, we performed peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) in 18 anuric adult chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with a mean age of 39.7 +/- 20 years. All the samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, and cystatin C.

Diabetes complications in 1952 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients managed in a single institution in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Because there is no recent update on the state of diabetes and its concomitant complications in Saudi Arabia, we undertook a study of the prevalence of health complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to our institution.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of adult Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes who were seen in clinics or admitted to the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 1989 and January 2004.

Results: Of 1952 patients, 943 (48.

Normal reference levels of serum cystatin C in Saudi adults.

This is the first report from Saudi Arabia studying the normal reference intervals in adult Saudi subjects and evaluating serum cystatin C as a prospective marker for the assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Three hundred healthy adult Saudi subjects including 156 males (52%) and 144 females (48%), with a mean age of 31.21 +/- 9.

Complications of CAPD: A Single Center Experience.

To evaluate the complications of CAPD and their contributing factors in order to improve the patients' survival and reduce morbidity and mortality, we studied records of 65 CAPD patients treated at our hospital from October 1996 to January 2002. There were 32 (49%) males and the mean age of the patients was 48 +/- 16 years. All the patients were on the twin bag CAPD system.

L-carnitine supplementation in hemodialysis patients.

L-Carnitine supplementation has shown beneficial effects in patients on hemodialysis. We studied 36 ESRD adult patients with a mean age of 47.5 +/- 15 years to evaluate the effect of L-Carnitine supplementation on hemoglobin, lipid levels and physical performance in patients on hemodialysis.

Single Center Experience with Pre-dialysis Patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the management of factors accelerating renal injury such as hypertension and diabetes on progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). For this end, the records of 112 CRF patients with serum creatinine (SCr) level of 150- 850 micromol/L were retrospectively studied at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The leading causes of CRF in the study patients were diabetes in 52 (46.

Anemia management in patients with chronic renal disease: current recommendations.

Anemia is common in renal failure in both predialysis and in patients maintained on dialysis. Consequences of anemia include decreased cognitive function, decreased exercise tolerance and a feeling of inadequate well being as well as increased left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation that result in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common factor for erythropoietin resistance even in predialysis patients.

Electrocardiography and serum potassium before and after hemodialysis sessions.

This study was undertaken to assess potassium level and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes post hemodialysis and whether fall in potassium level during dialysis may potentiate cardiac arrythemia. We studied 21 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients who had their serum electrolytes measured before and immediately after dialysis session, and ECG performed at the same time. The patients included 14 females and 7 males with a mean age of 53.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can be a catastrophic event during pregnancy, complicating almost nine percent of diabetics in pregnancy. It induces both maternal and fetal mortality. Ketosis has been implicated in fetal distress and causes adverse neurological outcome.

Non-typhoidal salmonella aortitis in a transplant patient.

Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia may result in extra gastrointestinal localization of infection. Aortitis due to non-typhoidal salmonella was reported to be the cause of 38-42.5% of all infected abdominal aortitis.

Transverse myelitis in a patient with severe lupus nephritis: a case report.

We report here a case of severe lupus nephritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital gangrene and optic neuritis who, developed acute transverse myelitis (ATM). SLE can present virtually with any complication in the central nervous system (CNS) and ATM is a rare but serious manifestation. It is noteworthy that ATM developed in this patient while she was on intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVC) therapy having already finished six doses of monthly infusions of 10 mg/kg body weight.

Morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients on dialysis.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD), due to its high morbidity and mortality as well as social and financial implications, is a major public health problem. Outcome depends not only on different modalities of treatment like hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, but also on existing co-morbidities, age, duration on dialysis, supportive therapies and infection control strategies. Thus, a detailed study becomes necessary to improve health care delivery, provide medical care and to establish a geographical reference.

Missed renal infarction presenting as the nephrotic syndrome: a case report.

Aortic dissection may be associated with renal disease. The presentation, especially in the later stages of the process, includes proteinuria, hematuria and impairment of renal function. Thus the clinical picture may be confused with glomerulonephritis or hypertension.