Antibiotic Treatment for 7 versus 14 Days in Patients with Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early, appropriate antibiotic therapy is important, but the duration of treatment is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned hospitalized patients (including patients in the intensive care unit [ICU]) who had bloodstream infection to receive antibiotic treatment for 7 days or 14 days.

Small-Volume Blood Collection Tubes to Reduce Transfusions in Intensive Care: The STRATUS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Blood collection for laboratory testing in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is a modifiable contributor to anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Most blood withdrawn is not required for analysis and is discarded.

Objective: To determine whether transitioning from standard-volume to small-volume vacuum tubes for blood collection in ICUs reduces RBC transfusion without compromising laboratory testing procedures.

Using Proteins As Markers for Anabolic Steroid Abuse: A New Perspective in Doping Control?

Drug toxicity is a major concern and has motivated numerous studies to elucidate specific adverse mechanisms, with acetaminophen being the favorite candidate in toxicology studies. Conversely, androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) also represent a severe public health issue in sports for elite and non-elite athletes. Supraphysiological dosages of AASs are associated with various adverse effects, from cardiovascular to neurological repercussions including liver dysfunction.

Comparison of two infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques explained by phone in a non-health professionals' population: Two-thumbs encircling hand technique vs. two-fingers technique, a randomised crossover study in a simulation environment.

Background: Paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the reason for an emergency call in approximately 8/100,000 person-years. Improvement of OHCA resuscitation needs a quality chain of survival and a rapid start of resuscitation. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two resuscitation techniques provided on a mannequin, the two-fingers technique (TFT) and the two-thumbs encircling hand technique (TTHT), explained by a trained emergency call responder on the phone in a population of non-health professionals.

Expert consultation using the on-line Delphi method for the revision of syndromic groups compiled from emergency data (SOS Médecins and OSCOUR®) in France.

Background: Consultation data from emergency general practitioners known as SOS Médecins and emergency departments (ED) from OSCOUR® network to the French syndromic surveillance system SurSaUD® (Surveillance sanitaire des urgences et décès). These data are aggregated and monitored on a daily basis through groupings of one or more medical symptoms or diagnoses ("syndromic groups" (SG)). The objective of this study was to evaluate, revise and enrich the composition of SGs through a consensus of experts who contributed or have experience in syndromic surveillance.

Doses delivered by portal imaging quality assurance in routine practice of adjuvant breast radiotherapy worth to by monitored and compensated in some cases.

Background: Imaging, in radiotherapy, has become a routine tool for repositioning of the target volume at each session. The repositioning precision, currently infracentimetric, evolves along with the irradiation techniques. This retrospective study aimed to identify practices and doses resulting from the use of high energy planar imaging (portal imaging) in daily practice.

Newborn Life Support course: does it make me more confident when resuscitating a newborn?

Aim: To describe the effectiveness of the Newborn Life Support (NLS) course in terms of attendees' knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, and clinical applicability.

Methods: We conducted an electronic survey of NLS course attendees (NLS + group). A control group (NLS-) was recruited via our regional perinatal network.

Utilization of a Bovine Xenograft to Achieve Dental Root Coverage: A Pilot Study.

Eight patients with 38 Miller Class I, II, and III gingival recession defects were treated using an acellular bovine dermal matrix graft (Primatrix, Integra) under a coronal positioned flap. There was a significant 2.43-mm reduction in defect depth, 85.

[Sudden unexpected death in infancy].

Unexpected death in infancy. Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is an entity that, after a thorough investigation, includes unexplained deaths and deaths for which a cause is found. Although the number of SUDI fell sharply after the "Back to Sleep" campaign in the 1990s, it currently accounts for nearly 500 deaths per year in France.

Standardization of reticulocyte counts in the athlete biological passport.

Introduction: The percentage of circulating reticulocytes (RET%) is a useful marker of blood doping in the context of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). The viability of the ABP depends on the comparability of sample data obtained across multiple laboratories for a given athlete. With the recent introduction of a different technology for the measurement of reticulocytes, the goal of this study was to compare currently employed Sysmex XT/XE analyzers to the recently introduced Sysmex XN analyzer.

Detection of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in urine samples using a capillary Western system.

The presence of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in the urine samples collected from athletes is detected using traditional Western blotting following either size-based separation (SDS/SAR-PAGE) or isoelectric focusing (IEF). Although there is an important testing effort, there is little doubt that ESAs are still abused in sports and that reducing the costs of the tests might increase the number of tests and improve deterrence. The capillary electrophoresis system developed by Protein Simple may be useful to this end.

Disaster preparedness in French paediatric hospitals 2 years after terrorist attacks of 2015.

Objective: We aimed to determine paediatric hospital preparedness for a mass casualty disaster involving children in both prehospital and hospital settings. The study findings will serve to generate recommendations, guidelines and training objectives.

Design And Setting: The AMAVI-PED study is a cross-sectional survey.

Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Pressure Augmentation as Rescue Therapies for Ischemic Myelitis After Bronchial Embolization: A Case Report.

A 62-year-old man presented to the emergency department with massive hemoptysis. After bronchial artery embolization, he developed ischemic myelitis, a rare complication in this setting for which no specific therapy is currently recommended. The symptoms were managed with lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and blood pressure augmentation therapy.

Immunomagnetic beads-based isolation of erythropoietins from urine and blood for sports anti-doping control.

According to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) technical document for erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) analysis (TD2014EPO), double-blotting of serum/plasma samples is mandatory for all analysis by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and for the confirmation procedures (CP) performed by SDS-PAGE or SAR-PAGE. The goal is to prevent potential cross-reactions of the secondary antibody with remaining proteins in the purified samples. To this end, we have developed an immunopurification method of ESA in serum/plasma samples using a combination of streptavidin-coated immunomagnetic beads and biotinylated anti-EPO polyclonal antibodies.

A case-control evaluation of fungiform papillae density in burning mouth syndrome.

Hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that high fungiform papillae density may be a risk factor for developing the taste and pain alterations characteristic of burning mouth syndrome.

Objective: Evaluate whether fungiform papillae density, taste sensitivity, and mechanical pain sensitivity differ between burning mouth syndrome cases and controls.

Study Design: This case-control study compared cases diagnosed with primary burning mouth syndrome with pain-free controls.

[Emergency medical aid in a paediatrics context].

In France, the organisation of aid involves the intervention of the emergency medical services (Samu), which coordinate the medical regulation platforms for site 15 and the mobile emergency and intensive care services (Smur). Since they were created, the Samu have been tirelessly adapting their response to the various characteristics of pre-hospital assignments. Pre- and inter-hospital paediatrics has seen the development of specialised teams with the aim of providing effective aid which is adapted to the youngest and most vulnerable patients.

Changes in Urinary and Serum Levels of Novel Biomarkers after Administration of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents.

Objective: The aim of our study is to describe the changes in urinary and serum levels of novel biomarkers after gadolinium contrast administration in patients with normal renal function.

Methods: We measured four biomarkers in 28 volunteers: interleukin-18 (IL-18), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C. Urinary and serum samples were collected at 0, 3, and 24 hours following gadolinium administration.

Effects of Chronic Renal Failure on Brain Cytochrome P450 in Rats.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) impedes renal excretion of drugs and their metabolism by reducing the expression of liver cytochrome P450 (P450). Uremic serum contains factors, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), that decrease liver P450s. The P450s are also involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the brain.

Ariadne's thread: a promising new multidisciplinary tool to foster clients' resilience throughout the rehabilitation process.

Introduction: Resilience plays an important role in the rehabilitation process as it helps people adapt and grow through difficulties. Ariadne's Thread is one of the few assessment and intervention tools that aim to maximize clients' resilience but its impacts have yet to be studied.

Purpose: This study explored health professionals' perceptions regarding the impact of Ariadne's Thread on clients, on themselves and on the rehabilitation process.

[Apparent life-threatening events and sudden unexpected death in infancy: Two different entities].

Most infant apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) are minor with spontaneously favorable prognosis. Frequent etiologies are gastroesophageal reflux, obstructive apneas, respiratory infections, and breath-holding spells. Some rare but potentially serious causes must be discussed.

[Drug pharmacokinetics in renal failure: What's new?].

The prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has steadily increased over the past two decades attributed to an important raise of cases of diabetes, hypertension and obesity, leading risk factors of renal failure. CKD is known to impair drug disposition of non-renally eliminated medications that may lead to unintended toxicity or lower therapeutic effect despite dose adjustment according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Modulation of metabolism enzymes (cytochrome P450, phase II) and drug transporters in various organs (intestines, liver, kidneys and brain) are being held responsible for altered pharmacokinetics where uremic toxins, inflammatory cytokines and parathyroid hormone, common factors present in CKD, may be considered possible culprits.

Effect of experimental kidney disease on the functional expression of hepatic reductases.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects the nonrenal clearance of drugs by modulating the functional expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The impact of CKD on oxidative and conjugative metabolism has been extensively studied. However, its effect on hepatic drug reduction, an important phase I drug-metabolism pathway, has not been investigated.

[Viral epidemiology and clinical severity during the peak of the influenza A(H1N1) variant epidemic in febrile respiratory diseases of children].

Unlabelled: In 2009, a new emerging flu virus, A(H1N1), was identified. Its true medical impact on children's health remains widely debated.

Aim: To define the prevalence of respiratory disease in children hospitalized with fever during the influenza A(H1N1) epidemic and to determine the clinical, paraclinical, and outcome characteristics according to the viruses identified.

Structure-based design of novel HCV NS5B thumb pocket 2 allosteric inhibitors with submicromolar gt1 replicon potency: discovery of a quinazolinone chemotype.

We describe the structure-based design of a novel lead chemotype that binds to thumb pocket 2 of HCV NS5B polymerase and inhibits cell-based gt1 subgenomic reporter replicons at sub-micromolar concentrations (EC50<200nM). This new class of potent thumb pocket 2 inhibitors features a 1H-quinazolin-4-one scaffold derived from hybridization of a previously reported, low affinity thiazolone chemotype with our recently described anthranilic acid series. Guided by X-ray structural information, a key NS5B-ligand interaction involving the carboxylate group of anthranilic acid based inhibitors was replaced by a neutral two-point hydrogen bonding interaction between the quinazolinone scaffold and the protein backbone.