Altered Mental Status in Children After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Pediatric head injuries are common and may present with varying degrees of altered mental status in children. The approach to evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of further injury is important in achieving good health outcomes after a head injury. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, classifications, signs and symptoms, and management of traumatic brain injury.

[Orbito-palpebral vascular pathology].

Orbito-palpebral vascular pathology represents 10% of all the diseases of this area. The lesion may be discovered during a brain CT scan or MRI, or because it causes clinical symptoms such as orbital mass, visual or oculomotor alteration, pain, proptosis, or acute bleeding due to a complication of the lesion (hemorrhage, thrombosis). We present these lesions using an anatomical, clinical, imaging and therapeutic approach.

Usefulness of colour Doppler flow imaging in the management of lacrimal gland lesions.

Objective: To assess the role of colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the diagnosis and management of lacrimal fossa lesions.

Methods: Institutional ethical committee approval was obtained. Fifty-one patients with 62 lacrimal fossa lesions were retrospectively included from 2003-2015.

Tumor pathology of the orbit.

The term orbital tumor covers a wide range of benign and malignant diseases affecting specific component of the orbit or developing in contact with them. They are found incidentally or may be investigated as part of the assessment of a systemic disorder or because of orbital signs (exophthalmos, pain, etc.).

Lin- cells mediate tissue repair by regulating MCP-1/CCL-2.

Exogenous bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of tissue ischemia and traumatic injury. However, until we identify the molecular mechanisms that underlie their actions, there can be no rational basis for the design of therapeutic strategies using BMDCs. The pro-healing effects of BMDCs are apparent very shortly after treatment, which suggests that they may exert their effects by the modulation of acute inflammation.

Androgen receptor in mouse brain: sex differences and similarities in autoregulation.

The androgen receptor (AR) is generally considered an autoregulated protein. However, studies in brain have produced mixed results regarding sex differences, which should be present given the higher endogenous levels of androgens in males, and the effects of gonadectomy, which presumably should lead to a loss of AR. Resolving these issues is a necessary step in developing a model of AR regulation in the central nervous system and, more broadly, in determining how regulation of this receptor may mediate neural target tissue responsiveness to androgen.

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the binding site on the LH receptor alter progesterone production in cultured granulosa cells.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the LH receptor (LHR) were generated through a modified auto-anti-idiotypic approach in which human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was used as the immunogen followed by cyclophosphamide to induce anti-idiotypic antibodies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of these antibodies to alter progesterone production in porcine granulosa cells in vitro. Anti-LHR mAbs were incubated with granulosa cells in the presence or absence of a stimulatory dose of hCG.

High resolution B mode echography and colour Doppler (CDFI) of the macula.

Based on experience from 30 patients the usefulness of high resolution B-scan echography and colour Doppler flow imaging for evaluating lesions of the macula is discussed. With B-scan there is a high detectability of even very flat lesions (less than 1 mm) but fluorescein angiography still gives more detail regarding specific diagnosis. In lesions thicker than 2 mm the Doppler imaging technique adds valuable information about vascularity, to make the assessment of differential diagnosis more exact.