CD, or not CD, that is the question: a digital interobserver agreement study in coeliac disease.

Objective: Coeliac disease (CD) diagnosis generally depends on histological examination of duodenal biopsies. We present the first study analysing the concordance in examination of duodenal biopsies using digitised whole-slide images (WSIs). We further investigate whether the inclusion of immunoglobulin A tissue transglutaminase (IgA tTG) and haemoglobin (Hb) data improves the interobserver agreement of diagnosis.

A cross-sectional study on thrombopoietin levels in immune thrombocytopenia and its correlation with platelet count, megakaryocytes, and treatment response.

Introduction: Thrombopoietin (TPO) being the major regulator of megakaryopoiesis is expected to show a compensatory increase in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), however, it is not so observed. This study was undertaken to measure TPO levels in ITP and assesses its association with platelet count, megakaryocytes, and response to steroid therapy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 41 cases of ITP and twenty controls with normal platelet count were enrolled in this prospective study.

Model for Early Prediction of Preeclampsia: A Nested Case Controlled Study in Indian Women.

Purpose: Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5-7% of the pregnancies worldwide, and is one of the most dreaded disorders of pregnancy contributing to maternal and neonatal mortality. PE is mostly presented in the third trimester of pregnancy. Here, we used serum placental growth factor (PIGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to develop a model for predicting PE in Indian women in early second trimester.

Paediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a UK National Clinical Practice Consensus Guideline.

This guideline is written as a reference document for clinicians presented with the challenge of managing paediatric patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma up to the age of 19 years. Care of paediatric patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma differs in key aspects from that of adults, and there have been several recent developments in the care pathways for this condition; this guideline has sought to identify and attend to these areas. It addresses the presentation, clinical assessment, diagnosis, management (both surgical and medical), genetic counselling, follow-up and prognosis of affected patients.

Erratum: Author Correction: The influence of HLA genotype on the development of metal hypersensitivity following joint replacement.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00137-0.].

The influence of HLA genotype on the development of metal hypersensitivity following joint replacement.

Background: Over five million joint replacements are performed across the world each year. Cobalt chrome (CoCr) components are used in most of these procedures. Some patients develop delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to CoCr implants, resulting in tissue damage and revision surgery.

Multiphase flow detection with photonic crystals and deep learning.

Multiphase flows are ubiquitous in industrial settings. It is often necessary to characterize these fluid mixtures in support of process optimization. Unfortunately, existing commercial technologies often fail to provide frequent, accurate, and cost-efficient data necessary to enable process optimization.

The contribution of the histopathological examination to the diagnosis of adverse local tissue reactions in arthroplasty.

The histopathological examination of the periprosthetic soft tissue and bone has contributed to the identification and description of the morphological features of adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR)/adverse reactions to metallic debris (ARMD). The need of a uniform vocabulary for all disciplines involved in the diagnosis and management of ALTR/ARMD and of clarification of the parameters used in the semi-quantitative scoring systems for their classification has been considered a pre-requisite for a meaningful interdisciplinary evaluation.This review of key terms used for ALTR/ARMD has resulted in the following outcomes: (a) pseudotumor is a descriptive term for ALTR/ARMD, classifiable in two main types according to its cellular composition defining its clinical course; (b) the substitution of the term metallosis with presence of metallic wear debris, since it cannot be used as a category of implant failure or histological diagnosis; (c) the term aseptic lymphocytic-dominated vasculitis- associated lesion (ALVAL) should be replaced due to the absence of a vasculitis with ALLTR/ALRMD for lymphocytic-predominant and AMLTR/AMRMD for macrophage-predominant reaction.

The influence of HLA genotype on the severity of COVID-19 infection.

The impact of COVID-19 varies markedly, not only between individual patients but also between different populations. We hypothesised that differences in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes might influence this variation. Using next generation sequencing, we analysed the class I and class II classical HLA genes of 147 individuals of European descent experiencing variable clinical outcomes following COVID-19 infection.

Pathology data set for reporting parathyroid carcinoma and atypical parathyroid neoplasm: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.

Standardized pathologic reporting for cancers improves patient care and prognostic determination. However, access in many countries is limited. To address this issue, the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a not-for-profit organization, has the mission to develop and disseminate standardized data sets for global use.

Harnessing single-session interventions to improve adolescent mental health and well-being in India: Development, adaptation, and pilot testing of online single-session interventions in Indian secondary schools.

Background: Many evidence-based prevention and intervention approaches for youth mental health exist, but most are time-consuming and expensive to deliver. Innovative approaches are needed to develop and disseminate scalable mental health interventions, especially for youth in low- and middle-income countries. Computerized single-session interventions (SSIs) may be able to overcome many of these implementation barriers, especially if deployed in school settings.

Sternoclavicular Graft Versus Costochondral Graft In Reconstruction of Ankylosed Temporomandibular Joint.

Introduction: The temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex anatomical structure that is concerned with mastication, deglutition, and speech. Ankylosis of the TMJ occurs when the condyle gets fused to glenoid fossa by bony or fibrous tissue. It is an incapacitating problem, commonly occurring in children and is usually associated with trauma or infection.

Acquired diaphragmatic hernia in a preterm low birth weight neonate.

Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia is rare in children and we report a preterm low birth weight neonate with a presumably acquired diaphragmatic hernia due to trauma caused by treatment following pneumothorax.

Is the synovial fluid cobalt-to-chromium ratio related to the serum partitioning of metal debris following metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty?

Objectives: We investigated the reliability of the cobalt-chromium (CoCr) synovial joint fluid ratio (JFR) in identifying the presence of a severe aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL) response and/or suboptimal taper performance (SOTP) following metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty. We then examined the possibility that the CoCr JFR may influence the serum partitioning of Co and Cr.

Methods: For part A, we included all revision surgeries carried out at our unit with the relevant data, including volumetric wear analysis, joint fluid (JF) Co and Cr concentrations, and ALVAL grade (n = 315).

Diagnostic guidelines for the histological particle algorithm in the periprosthetic neo-synovial tissue.

Background: The identification of implant wear particles and non-implant related particles and the characterization of the inflammatory responses in the periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) play an important role for the evaluation of clinical outcome, correlation with radiological and implant retrieval studies, and understanding of the biological pathways contributing to implant failures in joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive histological particle algorithm (HPA) as a practical guide to particle identification at routine light microscopy examination.

Methods: The cases used for particle analysis were selected retrospectively from the archives of two institutions and were representative of the implant wear and non-implant related particle spectrum.

Aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions are related to changes in metal ion handling in the joint capsules of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties.

Objectives: We have encountered patients who developed large joint fluid collections with massive elevations in chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations following metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties. In some cases, retrieval analysis determined that these ion concentrations could not be explained simply by the wear rates of the components. We hypothesized that these effects may be associated with aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL).

Association of IL-10 gene (-1082A>G, -819C>T and -592C>A) polymorphism and its serum level with metabolic syndrome of north Indian subjects.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an inflammatory disorder, in which various cytokines play important role in tilting balance towards disease state. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important antiinflammatory cytokine, but its genetic polymorphisms and serum levels in Indian MetS subjects are unknown. Three IL-10 gene polymorphisms (-1082A>G (rs1800896), -819C>T (rs1800872) and -592C>A (rs1800871)) were genotyped with PCR-RFLP in MetS subjects (n = 384) and age/sex matched control subjects (n = 386).

Nutrition for diabetic retinopathy: plummeting the inevitable threat of diabetic vision loss.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is among the leading causes of preventable blindness. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and anemia majorly predispose its pathogenesis. The current treatment modalities of DR include laser photocoagulation therapy, intravitreal corticosteroids, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and vitreo-retinal surgery which are costly, highly invasive, unproven for prolonged use and opted in advanced stages of DR.

INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE ARE SURROGATE MARKERS FOR DISRUPTION OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AND INNER SEGMENT ELLIPSOID ZONE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of serum urea and creatinine as surrogate markers for disruption of retinal photoreceptor external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner segment ellipsoid zone (EZ) in Type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, for the first time.

Methods: One hundred and seventeen consecutive cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes without retinopathy [No DR; n = 39], nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR; n = 39], proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR; n = 39]) and 40 healthy control subjects were included. Serum levels of urea and creatinine were assessed using standard protocol.

Apolipoprotein A-I and B and Subjective Global Assessment relationship can reflect lipid defects in diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: Elevated lipid levels increase complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Uncontrolled diabetes increases these complications and causes unintentional weight loss, indicating an apparently normal body mass index (BMI). Thus, it is easy to assume that patients with DR and a normal BMI have optimal lipid status.

Solitary Cysticercosis of the Temporalis Muscle: Report of a Rare Case.

Patient presented with swelling over right temporal region causing the dilemma over diagnosis. Sonography and CT scan confirmed the presence of cysticercus in right temporal region. Pharmacological management was instituted and the cyst resolved eventually.

Immunoprotective effect of lentinan in combination with miltefosine on Leishmania-infected J-774A.1 macrophages.

Rejuvenation of deteriorated host immune functions is imperative for successful annihilation of Leishmania parasites. The use of immunomodulatory agents may have several advantages as they conquer immunosuppression and, when given in combination, improve current therapeutic regimens. We herein investigated the immunostimulatory potency of a β-glucan, lentinan either alone or in combination with short dose of standard drug, miltefosine on Leishmania-infected J-774A.