Human-to-Anopheles dirus mosquito transmission of the anthropozoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi.

Background: Plasmodium knowlesi, identified as the fifth human malaria parasite, has rapidly spread across various Southeast Asian countries, yet uncertainties persist regarding its human-mosquito-human transmission. Therefore, this study aims to explore the transmission potential of P. knowlesi from human blood to mosquitoes.

Demographic and socioeconomic obstacles to access to malaria services for Myanmar migrants in Thailand.

Background: Typically mobile and vulnerable, migrants face significant barriers to access to routine malaria prevention, diagnostics and treatment, which leads to unchecked malaria transmission, particularly in border regions with a high population displacement. This study aimed to investigate the demographic and socioeconomic obstacles to access to malaria services among Myanmar migrants residing in the Thailand-Myanmar border areas.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2024 across three districts near the Thailand-Myanmar border.

Controlled human malaria infection with a clone of Plasmodium vivax with high-quality genome assembly.

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) provides a highly informative means to investigate host-pathogen interactions and enable in vivo proof-of-concept efficacy testing of new drugs and vaccines. However, unlike Plasmodium falciparum, well-characterized P. vivax parasites that are safe and suitable for use in modern CHMI models are limited.

Malaria cross-sectional surveys identified asymptomatic infections of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi in Surat Thani, a southern province of Thailand.

Objectives: Malaria cross-sectional surveys are rarely conducted in very low transmission settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Plasmodium infection in a near-elimination setting in southern Thailand.

Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in areas of active transmission in the Surat Thani province of Thailand in January and May 2019.

Case Report: Case Series of Human Infection on the Southern Border of Thailand.

Although human infections of have been found throughout Southeast Asia, most cases originated from Malaysian Borneo. In Thailand, malaria was considered extremely rare. However, during October 2017-September 2018, there was a surge in the number of reported cases.

Distinct amino acid and lipid perturbations characterize acute versus chronic malaria.

Chronic malaria is a major public health problem and significant challenge for disease eradication efforts. Despite its importance, the biological factors underpinning chronic malaria are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that host metabolic state can influence malaria pathogenesis and transmission, but its role in chronicity is not known.

Epidemiological profiles of recurrent malaria episodes in an endemic area along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a prospective cohort study.

Background: In low malaria transmission areas, many people acquire multiple malaria infections within a single season. This study aimed to describe the pattern and epidemiological profile of malaria recurrence in a hypoendemic area of western Thailand and identify factors associated with having multiple malaria episodes.

Methods: An open cohort of 7000 residents in seven clusters along the Thai-Myanmar border was followed during a 6.

Infectivity of symptomatic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections to a Southeast Asian vector, Anopheles dirus.

Plasmodium vivax is now the predominant species causing malarial infection and disease in most non-African areas, but little is known about its transmission efficiency from human to mosquitoes. Because the majority of Plasmodium infections in endemic areas are low density and asymptomatic, it is important to evaluate how well these infections transmit. Using membrane feeding apparatus, Anopheles dirus were fed with blood samples from 94 individuals who had natural P.

LAP-like process as an immune mechanism downstream of IFN-γ in control of the human malaria Plasmodium vivax liver stage.

IFN-γ is a major regulator of immune functions and has been shown to induce liver-stage Plasmodium elimination both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism responsible for the restriction of liver-stage Plasmodium downstream of IFN-γ remains uncertain, however. Autophagy, a newly described immune defense mechanism, was recently identified as a downstream pathway activated in response to IFN-γ in the control of intracellular infections.

Improvement of culture conditions for long-term in vitro culture of Plasmodium vivax.

Background: The study of the biology, transmission and pathogenesis of Plasmodium vivax is hindered due to the lack of a robustly propagating, continuous culture of this parasite. The current culture system for P. vivax parasites still suffered from consistency and difficulties in long-term maintenance of parasites in culture and for providing sufficient biological materials for studying parasite biology.

A rapid sensitive, flow cytometry-based method for the detection of Plasmodium vivax-infected blood cells.

Background: Plasmodium vivax preferentially infects Duffy-positive reticulocytes and infections typically have few parasite-infected cells in the peripheral circulation. These features complicate detection and quantification by flow cytometry (FC) using standard nucleic acid-based staining methods. A simple antibody-based FC method was developed for rapid parasite detection along with simultaneous detection of other parasite and erythrocyte markers.

Comparison of field and expert laboratory microscopy for active surveillance for asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in western Thailand.

Microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick and thin films by a skilled microscopist has remained the standard laboratory method for the diagnosis of malaria. However, diagnosis of malaria with this method is problematic since interpretation of results requires considerable expertise, particularly at low parasite levels. We compared the efficacy of "field" and "expert laboratory" microscopy for active surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum and P.