A Comparison of the Fluoride 'Paint- On' vs Tray Application Techniques for Enamel Remineralisation.

Background: Fluoride gel treatment is not recommended for children < 6 years old due to its potential toxicity. Hence the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 1.23% acidulated-phosphate fluoride (APF) gel paint-on and the conventional tray application techniques on artificial, deciduous enamel carious lesions embedded on wearable appliances.

Dental caries and associated risk factors in 13- to 18-month-old infants receiving breast or formula milk feeding: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The association between breast milk feeding and dental caries risk in children remains controversial. Moreover, it is unclear whether risk factors for caries differ between breast milk-fed and formula milk-fed infants.

Aim: To investigate dental caries in 13- to 18-month-old infants receiving breast milk or formula milk feeding and associated risk factors.

Molecular Cloning of Mouse Homologue of Enamel Protein C4orf26 and Its Phosphorylation by FAM20C.

It is widely accepted that cellular processes are controlled by protein phosphorylation and has become increasingly clear that protein degradation, localization and conformation as well as protein-protein interaction are the examples of subsequent cellular events modulated by protein phosphorylation. Enamel matrix proteins belong to members of the secretory calcium binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) family clustered on chromosome 4q21, and most of the SCPP phosphoproteins have at least one S-X-E motifs (S; serine, X; any amino acid, E; glutamic acid). It has been reported that mutations in C4orf26 gene, located on chromosome 4q21, are associated with autosomal recessive type of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI), a hereditary condition that affects enamel formation/mineralization.

FAM20A binds to and regulates FAM20C localization.

Mutations in the Family with sequence similarity (FAM) 20 gene family are associated with mineralized tissue phenotypes in humans. Among these genes, FAM20A mutations are associated with Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) with gingival hyperplasia and nephrocalcinosis, while FAM20C mutations cause Raine syndrome, exhibiting bone and craniofacial/dental abnormalities. Although it has been demonstrated that Raine syndrome associated-FAM20C mutants prevented FAM20C kinase activity and secretion, overexpression of the catalytically inactive D478A FAM20C mutant was detected in both cell extracts and the media.

IL-6 regulates stress-induced REX-1 expression via ATP-P2Y1 signalling in stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between ATP and IL-6 in mechanical stress-induced REX-1 expression in SHEDs.

Methods: Cells were stimulated with mechanical stress (0-2.5 gcm(-2)), IL-6 (0.