Efficacy of leuprolide acetate versus triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for treatment of central precocious puberty.

Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is typically treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Although numerous GnRH agonist variants are available, limited research has compared the efficacy of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered at 3-month intervals.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CPP treatment with triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate administered at 3-month intervals.

Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty.

Background: Kisspeptin and delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) are neuropeptides that reportedly play an important role in pubertal timing by activating and inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, respectively. Consequently, serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels may be novel biomarkers for differentiating between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls and used to monitor CPP treatment.

Purpose: To compare baseline serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels in girls with CPP at diagnosis and after treatment to age-matched girls with PT.

Effectiveness of leuprolide acetate administered monthly compared to three-monthly in the treatment of central precocious puberty: evaluation at the end of treatment.

Introduction: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are the standard treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP). Although there are numerous varieties of GnRH agonists, the effectiveness of 1-monthly compared with 3-monthly Leuprolide acetate is still restricted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of CPP treatment with Leuprolide acetate at a 1-monthly dosage of 3.

Exposure to Bisphenol A and Its Analogs among Thai School-Age Children.

Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have become popular substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA) in the plastic industry due to concerns over BPA's adverse effects. However, there is limited information on children's exposure to these chemicals. This study aims to assess the extent of BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure and determine factors that influence such exposure.

The utilization of basal luteinizing hormone in combination with the basal luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone ratio as a diagnostic tool for central precocious puberty in girls.

Purpose: Intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (IV GnRH) testing is the gold standard for confirming a central precocious puberty (CPP) diagnosis. However, this test is not widely available commercially. Therefore, our study aim was to establish cutoff values for basal gonadotropin level and gonadotrophin responses to a 100-μg subcutaneous IV GnRH test that can distinguish between CPP and premature thelarche (PT) to discover a simple method to detect CPP.

Sex-specific ranges and ratios for anogenital distance among Thai full-term newborns.

Introduction: Anogenital distance (AGD) is a marker of prenatal androgen exposure and a tool for assessment of differences of sex development. Data for AGD in newborns have been published, but these findings may not be applicable to Thai newborns.

Aim: To provide the sex-specific ranges for AGD in Thai full-term newborns.