Anatomy and histology of the frontalis muscle.

Purpose: To determine the gross and histologic configurations of the medial and lateral frontalis muscle.

Methods: After making a midcoronal incision and bluntly dissecting to the orbital rim, the frontalis muscle was marked and measured. A protractor was used to measure the frontalis-orbicularis angle (FOA) and, when present, the angle of central bifurcation (AOB).

Safety of onabotulinum toxin a injection to the central upper eyelid and eyebrow regions.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of onabotulinum toxin A injected into the central upper eyelid and eyebrow regions.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients undergoing onabotulinum toxin A injection to the central upper eyelid and eyebrow between February, 2012, and November, 2012. Age, gender, indication, injection sites, number of central units, total number of units, and occurrence of adverse events were all recorded.

Dimensions and anatomic variations of the orbicularis oculi muscle in nonpreserved, fresh-frozen human cadavers.

Purpose: To determine average dimensions of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) from the orbital rim and to investigate polymorphic variations through anatomical dissection of nonpreserved, fresh-frozen human cadavers.

Methods: The OOM was exposed using sharp and blunt dissection until its distal borders were identified. A metric ruler was used to measure the superior (S line), inferior (I line), and lateral (L line) dimensions of the OOM from the orbital rim.

Intraoperative sub-tenon injection increases optic nerve length transection during enucleation.

Purpose: To determine the effect of sub-Tenon injection on the length of optic nerve resected during enucleation.

Methods: Case-control laboratory study on 22 orbits of 11 unpreserved, fresh-frozen human cadavers. Each cadaver underwent a conventional enucleation technique on one side and an otherwise identical technique on the contralateral side that included sub-Tenon injection of 2.

NK/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal cavity causing contralateral dacryoadenitis.

Purpose: To report a case of NK/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal cavity with contralateral lacrimal gland involvement.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 39-year-old woman with a 5-month history of right fungal rhinosinusitis was referred to our hospital.

Mutation analysis of the VMD2 gene in thai families with best macular dystrophy.

Background: To identify genetic mutations of the VMD2 gene in two Thai families with Best macular dystrophy.

Materials And Methods: Ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dilated fundus examination and fundus photography, and electro-oculography (EOG) was performed in two probands and their family members. Mutation screening of the VMD2 gene was performed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis followed by direct DNA sequencing of the abnormal exons.