Factors associated with 1-year changes in serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels increase as kidney function decreases and are associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation has also been shown to increase FGF23 production in adults; however, this has not been validated in pediatric patients with CKD. Furthermore, previous studies on children involved a single measurement of FGF23 without a follow-up, and a few studies have examined changes in FGF23 levels.

Six-month survival of a monochorionic monoamniotic twin with sirenomelia.

Background: Sirenomelia is a congenital malformation of the lower body characterized by a single midline lower limb and severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations. Sirenomelia is rare (estimated incidence of approximately 1/100,000) and usually lethal in the perinatal period.

Case: A 2,042 g Japanese male infant, one of monochorionic monoamniotic twins, was born at 34 weeks of gestation by elective caesarean section.

A case of a preschool child with a successful kidney transplant following the long-term administration of antibiotics to treat peritoneal dialysis-related ESI/peritonitis by Mycobacterium abscessus.

A preschool child with refractory peritoneal dialysis-related exit-site infection (ESI)/peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) received multidrug antibacterial therapy for 6 months and then successfully underwent living-donor kidney transplantation. The patient was a 2.

Reduction in urinary angiotensinogen levels and improvement of proteinuria by renin-angiotensin system blockade in pediatric chronic kidney disease patients with very low birth weight.

Background: Children with low birth weight (LBW) have an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), and no effective strategies have been established to prevent the progression of CKD in these patients. Urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) may represent a useful marker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, which has been suggested to play a critical role in the development of hypertension and CKD. Herein, we conducted a prospective study to determine whether RAS blockade is beneficial for suppressing the progression of CKD in children with LBW, using UAGT as a surrogate marker of renal impairment.

Risk factors associated with a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C levels in school-age children with extremely low birthweight.

Aim: A single centre retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in school-age children born with extremely low birthweight (ELBW) and to determine risk factors predictive of decreased eGFR.

Methods: We compared eGFR based on cystatin C (CysC-eGFR) between school-age children born with ELBW (ELBW group, n = 48; median gestational age: 26.9 weeks; median birthweight: 792 g) and children born at term (control group, n = 48).