Importance of Bowel Habits in Predicting Inadequate Bowel Preparation: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: Inadequate bowel preparation (BP) negatively affects the efficacy and quality of colonoscopy. Although constipation has already been reported as one of the most important predictors of inadequate BP, there is limited information on the relation between inadequate BP and bowel habits including constipation-related symptoms, medications, and severity of constipation.

Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study was conducted between August 2019 and May 2020.

Bidirectional Elongation Strategy Using Ambiphilic Radical Linchpin for Modular Access to 1,4-Dicarbonyls via Sequential Photocatalysis.

Organic molecules that can be connected to multiple substrates by sequential C-C bond formations can be utilized as linchpins in multicomponent processes. While they are useful for rapidly increasing molecular complexity, most of the reported linchpin coupling methods rely on the use of organometallic species as strong carbon nucleophiles to form C-C bonds, which narrows the functional group compatibility. Here, we describe a metal-free, radical-mediated coupling approach using a formyl-stabilized phosphonium ylide as a multifunctional linchpin under visible-light photoredox conditions.

Emergence of [GAR ] cells in yeast from sake brewing affects the fermentation properties.

In the traditional (kimoto) method of sake (Japanese rice wine) brewing, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells are exposed to lactate, which is produced by lactic acid bacteria in the seed mash. Lactate promotes the appearance of glucose-repression-resistant [GAR ] cells. Herein, we compared the resistance to glucose repression among kimoto, industrial, and laboratory yeast strains.

Efficacy and tolerability of 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid with senna versus 2 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid for colonoscopic bowel preparation: Prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded trial.

Objectives: Low-volume polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) reduces the dosage of colonoscopic bowel preparation (BP) solution, but is still poorly tolerated. Adding laxatives to the BP solution reduces the volume of fluid required, without affecting quality. This study aimed to compare 1 L PEG-Asc plus 24 mg senna (1L-PEG/AS) and conventional 2 L PEG-Asc (2L-PEG/A) regimens on BP quality and patient tolerability.

Finger Tapping Test for Assessing the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Aim: A testing method for early diagnosis of Mild cognitive dementia (MCI) that can be easily applied in clinical practice was investigated in this study. We examined whether MCI risk can be determined through finger movements.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2020, 1097 individuals were screened.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting Static In Vitro Pepsinolysis of Food Proteins.

In this meta-analysis, we collected 58 publications spanning the last seven decades that reported static in vitro protein gastric digestion results. A number of descriptors of the pepsinolysis process were extracted, including protein type; pepsin activity and concentration; protein concentration; pH; additives; protein form (e.g.

The C-type lectin receptor Clec1A plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing antigen presenting ability of dendritic cells and inducing inflammatory cytokine IL-17.

Clec1A, a member of C-type lectin receptor family, has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular region, but no known signaling motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Clec1a is highly expressed in endothelial cells and weakly in dendritic cells. Although this molecule was reported to play an important role in the host defense against Aspergillus fumigatus by recognizing 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin on the fungal surface, the roles of this molecule in un-infected animals remain to be elucidated.

Assessment of finger motor function that reflects the severity of cognitive function.

Objectives: We conducted a finger tapping movement test using a finger tapping device with magnetic sensors (UB-2) and performed multiple regression analyses using a number of finger movements parameters to estimate the severity of cognitive impairment.

Methods: The subjects of this study were 64 patients, including 44 diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (mean age: 73.8±7.

A 25 mg rectal dose of diclofenac for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in elderly patients.

A 50-100 mg rectal dose of diclofenac or indomethacin is recommended for prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP); however, limited data are available regarding the appropriate dose to prevent PEP in elderly patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 25 mg diclofenac in preventing PEP in elderly patients. Overall, 276 patients with naive papilla, aged over 75 years, were included in the present study between April 2013 and March 2020.

Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms of Human SLC22A3 in the 5'-flanking Region on OCT3 Expression and Sebum Levels in Human Skin.

Background: Human organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3,SLC22A3) mediates the uptake of many important endogenous substances and basic drugs, and has been identified as one of the transporters that are highly expressed in human skin. However, the mechanisms responsible for variability in mRNA expression, and the role of SLC22A3 in human skin is not clear.

Objective: We examined the effects of the single nucleotide polymorphisms ofSLC22A3 on the variability in SLC22A3 expression and sebum levels in humans.

Glucocorticoids potentiate the inhibitory capacity of programmed cell death 1 by up-regulating its expression on T cells.

The inhibitory co-receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, ) plays critical roles in the regulation of autoimmunity, anticancer immunity, and immunity against infections. Immunotherapies targeting PD-1 have revolutionized cancer management and instigated various trials of improved cancer immunotherapies. Moreover, extensive trials are underway to potentiate PD-1 function to suppress harmful immune responses.

Differences among patients with Alzheimer's disease, older adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults in finger dexterity.

Aim: We have developed a smart terminal device for screening finger function, and investigated the capability of this tool for detecting abnormalities of finger dexterity.

Methods: Finger dexterity was measured for 31 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD group), 15 people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI group) and 48 family members (healthy older adult group) as the control. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination.

Interindividual Differences in the Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette and Solute Carrier Family Transporters in Human Skin: DNA Methylation Regulates Transcriptional Activity of the Human ABCC3 Gene.

The identification of drug transporters expressed in human skin and interindividual differences in gene expression is important for understanding the role of drug transporters in human skin. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters using human skin tissues. In skin samples, ABCC3 was expressed at the highest levels, followed by SLCO3A1, SLC22A3, SLC16A7, ABCA2, ABCC1, and SLCO2B1.