Clarification of the Dynamic Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process Using Metagenomic Analysis.

This study details a unique process of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) of human excreta useful in producing nitrogen-rich and pathogen-free organic fertilizer. The process was divided into initial, middle, and final phases, based on changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and bacterial community structure. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial factors that would affect liquid fertilizer production in the process, using shotgun metagenomic analysis of each phase.

Application of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion as a sustainable recycling process of organic liquid waste: Recent advances and prospects.

Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) has been used to stabilize organic waste since the 1960s and is considered sustainable technology. ATAD has several advantages, including high biodegradation efficiency, pathogen inactivation, and ease of operation. Although ATAD research has a long history, the number of studies on ATAD is much lower than those on similar aerobic processes, particularly composting.

Lab-scale autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion can maintain and remove nitrogen by controlling shear stress and oxygen supply system.

Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) is used to treat human excreta hygienically. We previously reported a unique full-scale ATAD, showing distinctive bacterial community transitions and producing high-nitrogen-content liquid fertilizer; nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear. One hypothesis involves using a gas-inducing (GI) agitator.

Development of a simultaneous identification method for 13 animal species using two multiplex real-time PCR assays and melting curve analysis.

We developed a simple and rapid method for animal species identification in the forensic science field based on mitochondrial DNA using two multiplex real-time PCRs and analysis of the resultant SYBR Green I melting curves. This method was designed to identify nine domestic animals simultaneously (dog, cat, rabbit, cattle, pig, chicken, goat, sheep and horse) and four wild animals (deer, raccoon-dog, monkey and bear) by comparing the different melting temperatures of the amplicons produced from samples originating from each species. For this analysis, we targeted various mitochondrial genes, including those encoding cytochrome b (cytb), NADH dehydrogenase 5 (ND5), cytochrome c oxidase 3 (COX3), tRNA-ND5, and tRNA-ATP synthase 8 (ATP8).

A dibenzoylmethane derivative inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in mouse microglial cell line BV-2.

Microglial activation has been suggested to play important roles in various neurodegenerative diseases by phagocytosis and producing various factors such as nitric oxide (NO), proinflammatory cytokines. Excessive production of NO, as a consequence of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in microglia, contributes to the neurodegeneration. During a search for compounds that regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a dibenzoylmethane derivative, 2,2'-dimethoxydibenzoylmethane (DBM 14-26) was identified as a novel neuroprotective agent (Takano et al.

Pyrosequencing analysis of microbial community and food-borne bacteria on restaurant cutting boards collected in Seri Kembangan, Malaysia, and their correlation with grades of food premises.

This study adopts the pyrosequencing technique to identify bacteria present on 26 kitchen cutting boards collected from different grades of food premises around Seri Kembangan, a city in Malaysia. Pyrosequencing generated 452,401 of total reads of OTUs with an average of 1.4×10(7) bacterial cells/cm(2).

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris.

Antibiotic susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes in Japan were determined. Erythromycin-resistance was found in 10.4% (5/48) of the strains, and four of these were cross-resistance to clindamycin.