Changes in cataract and refractive surgery practice patterns among JSCRS members over the past 20 years.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in cataract and refractive surgery practice patterns among members of the Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (JSCRS) over the past 20 years.

Study Design: Questionnaire survey study.

Subjects And Methods: Clinical surveys were conducted annually between February and April from 2004 to 2023.

Association of nuclear cataract prevalence with UV radiation and heat load in lens of older people -five city study.

Epidemiological studies have reported that the frequency of nuclear cataracts (NUCs) is high among the elderly and in tropical countries. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and lens temperature are considered as key physical contributors, although their precise quantification is difficult. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of NUC prevalence with UV irradiation and heat load.

Aquaporins contribute to vacuoles formation in Nile grass type II diabetic rats.

Regulation of ion and water microcirculation within the lens is tightly controlled through aquaporin channels and connexin junctions. However, cataracts can occur when the lens becomes cloudy. Various factors can induce cataracts, including diabetes which is a well-known cause.

Function of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is enhanced in human lens epithelial cells at high temperatures.

Enhancement of density via human lens epithelium (HLE) cell proliferation is the underlying cause of nuclear cataracts. Moreover, our previous epidemiological study demonstrated that the risk of nuclear cataract development is significantly higher under elevated environmental temperatures compared with under lower temperatures. The present study investigated the relationship between temperature and cell proliferation in terms of mitochondrial function, which is a nuclear cataract‑inducing risk factor, using two different HLE cell lines, SRA01/04 and immortalized human lens epithelial cells NY2 (iHLEC‑NY2).

Analyzing Effect of Waterclefts on Visual Functions Via Optical Simulations.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of the size and location of waterclefts (WC), which are one of several cataract subtypes, on visual function by optical simulation analysis.

Methods: An optical simulation software (CODE V) was used to develop a schematic eye model and several sizes of WC central and peripheral types that were located below the anterior and posterior subcapsules of the crystalline lens, and analyses of refraction, higher-order aberrations (HOA), and the modulation transfer function (MTF) were performed.

Results: An increase in the WC size increased the refraction and HOA and decreased the MTF.

Nationwide multicentre comparison of preoperative biometry and predictability of cataract surgery in Japan.

Aim: To compare the preoperative biometric data and the refractive accuracy of cataract surgery among major surgical sites in a nationwide multicentre study.

Methods: We prospectively obtained the preoperative biometric data of 2143 eyes of 2143 consecutive patients undergoing standard cataract surgery at major 12 facilities and compared the preoperative biometry as well as the postoperative refractive accuracy among them.

Results: We found significant differences in most preoperative variables, such as axial length (one-way analysis of variance, p=0.

UV Index Does Not Predict Ocular Ultraviolet Exposure.

Purpose: The ultraviolet index (UVI), available online, is an international linear scale of levels from 0 to 13+ that warns about the risk of sunburn; however, it does not address the risk to eyes. Our purpose was to develop a useful instrument to warn the public against ocular ultraviolet (OUV) exposure and to serve as a tool for researching UV-induced ocular diseases.

Methods: A rotating model head that included ultraviolet B (UVB) sensors documented UV irradiance at the crown and at the eyes spanning eight azimuths from sunrise to sunset under different climatic conditions in each season.

Model-based approach for analyzing prevalence of nuclear cataracts in elderly residents.

Recent epidemiological studies have hypothesized that the prevalence of cortical cataracts is closely related to ultraviolet radiation. However, the prevalence of nuclear cataracts is higher in elderly people in tropical areas than in temperate areas. The dominant factors inducing nuclear cataracts have been widely debated.

Distribution of corneal spherical aberration in a Tanzanian population.

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of corneal spherical aberration (SA) in Tanzanian people of African descent, and to examine the correlation between corneal SA and ocular parameters.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based study.

Methods: Residents aged 40 years and older in three villages in the Mkuranga district in Tanzania were enlisted as study participants.

Visual Function and Functional Decline in Patients With Waterclefts.

Purpose: To investigate visual function in eyes with three subtypes of waterclefts (WCs).

Methods: Of patients in Kanazawa Medical University Hospital (2013-2017) and participants of Monzen Eye Study (2013-2016), 77 transparent lenses, mean age 66.7 years, and 70 eyes with only WC opacity of 70 patients, mean age 68.

Association between ultraviolet radiation exposure dose and cataract in Han people living in China and Taiwan: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: We investigated associations between ocular ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure dose and cataract opacities among Han people living in China and Taiwan, to assess the effects of UV exposure intensity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included Han people aged ≥40 years (1,801 individuals, 450 in Sanya, 636 in Taiyuan, and 715 in Taichung) as subjects who completed a questionnaire including items about diabetes, smoking, steroid use, work history, and time spent outdoors, and underwent an ophthalmic examination. Right eye axial length was measured using A-mode ultrasonography or IOLMaster.

Optical simulation for subsurface nanoglistening.

Purpose: To determine whether subsurface nanoglistening in hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOL) diminishes visual performance.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.

Design: Experimental study.

Change in retinal image contrast with age in eyes with transparent lenses.

Purpose: To compare and evaluate changes in the retinal image with age in Japanese adults with transparent crystalline lenses.

Setting: Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

UV-B exposure to the eye depending on solar altitude.

Purpose: To assess the validity of the solar ultraviolet index (UVI) as a determiner of eye risk under different conditions of facial profiles and orientation, and reflected light.

Methods: Ocular UV radiation (UVR) exposure was measured as a function of the time of the day (solar altitude) using a two-dummy-type mannequin dosimetry system with embedded UVR (260-310 nm) sensors, in September and November in Kanazawa, Japan, on a motorized sun-tracking mount with one dummy face directed toward the sun and the other away from the sun.

Results: A bimodal distribution of UV-B exposure was found in September for the face directed toward the sun, which differed dramatically from the pattern of ambient UVR exposure and measurements taken on the top of the head and those for the eye taken later in the year.