[Measurement of half-value layer in mammography].

The half-value layer (HVL) of an X-ray beam for film-screen mammography is considered an important parameter for image quality and patient dose. Thus, HVL must be measured in accordance with The Manual of Accuracy for Mammography printed by the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology. The manual prescribes exactly the geometry of measurement, chamber position of measurement in the field, selection of chamber, and so on.

Determination of three phthalate metabolites in human urine using on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

An on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of metabolites of three phthalate esters in human urine at the low nanogram per milliliter level. The recoveries were above 84.3% and relative standard deviations varied from 0.