Effectiveness of Three Types of Moisturizers on Senile Dry Skin: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: For dry skin, the application of a hypoallergenic moisturizer twice daily is recommended in elderly individuals. However, it is not known which is the most effective and appropriate moisturizer among the commercially available moisturizers.

Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of the three widely used moisturizers for the treatment of senile dry skin.

In situ Raman and X-ray scattering of a single supersaturated aqueous Mg(NO) droplet ultrasonically levitated.

A single liquid droplet in the air generated by ultrasonic levitation provides such analytical advantages as a small sample volume (~ μL) for expensive proteins, container-free condition for deeply supercooling and supersaturation, time-dependent observation, and homogeneous rapid mixing. The investigation of the properties and structure of a droplet at a molecular level is highly needed for understanding the physicochemical behaviors of a droplet and an underlying mechanism of processes in the droplet. We develop in situ Raman and synchrotron X-ray scattering methods of a single liquid droplet of ~ 1 mm size ultrasonically levitated.