Detection of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification using dried reagents.

Recently, the widespread occurrence of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, which causes a mosaic disease in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in South-East Asia have, become a serious economic issue. Since cassava is propagated through vegetative cuttings, a rapid virus diagnostic method is crucial for generating virus-free planting materials. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using six primers was developed and validated for the rapid detection of SLCMV in cassava leaves.

Insights Into Natural Genetic Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus and Implications on Breeding for Durable Resistance.

Rice is the main food crop for people in low- and lower-middle-income countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since 1982, there has been a significant increase in the demand for rice in SSA, and its growing importance is reflected in the national strategic food security plans of several countries in the region. However, several abiotic and biotic factors undermine efforts to meet this demand.

Complete genome sequence of aucuba ringspot virus.

A new badnavirus, aucuba ringspot virus (AuRV), was identified in plants of Aucuba japonica showing mild mosaic, vein banding, and yellow ringspot symptoms on the leaves. The complete nucleotide sequence of the AuRV genome was determined and found to be 9,092 nt in length, and the virus was found to have a genome organization typical of members of the genus Badnavirus. ORF3 was predicted to encode a polyprotein containing conserved movement protein, coat protein, aspartic protease, reverse transcriptase (RT), and RNase H domains.

Topical cyclosporine A 0.05% before and after surgery to prevent pterygium recurrence.

Purpose: We evaluated the role of the conjunctival flap rotation technique using 5-fluorouracil and adjuvant therapy with topical cyclosporine A at 0.05% during short pre- and postoperative periods for the prevention of primary pterygium recurrence.

Methods: In this prospective study, 76 patients with primary pterygium (76 eyes) were categorized into two groups: the control group with 31 patients who did not receive cyclosporine treatment, and the cyclosporine group with 45 patients who received topical cyclosporine A (0.

Molecular characterization of a distinct monopartite begomovirus associated with betasatellites and alphasatellites infecting Pisum sativum in Nepal.

Pea (Pisum sativum) plants exhibiting leaf distortion, yellowing, stunted growth and reduction in leaf size from Rampur, Nepal were shown to be infected by a begomovirus in association with betasatellites and alphasatellites. The begomovirus associated with the disease showed only low levels of nucleotide sequence identity (<91%) to previously characterized begomoviruses. This finding indicates that the pea samples were infected with an as yet undescribed begomovirus for which the name Pea leaf distortion virus (PLDV) is proposed.

Three Adult Cases of Orbital Hidrocystoma Presenting with Blepharoptosis.

Purpose: To report adult cases of superior orbital apocrine hidrocystoma.

Methods: Retrospective case series of three patients with superior orbital apocrine hidrocystoma and blepharoptosis with review of the clinical aspects of each of the cases.

Results: All three cases presented with blepharoptosis.

Identification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Naturally Infecting Common Bean in Japan.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) is a devastating pathogen vectored by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci causing significant yield losses to tomato crops in Japan since 1998 (2). So far, there has been no report of this virus infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris; family Fabaceae) in Japan. But recently, TYLCV has been reported from P.

Association of an alphasatellite with tomato yellow leaf curl virus and ageratum yellow vein virus in Japan is suggestive of a recent introduction.

Samples were collected in 2011 from tomato plants exhibiting typical tomato leaf curl disease symptoms in the vicinity of Komae, Japan. PCR mediated amplification, cloning and sequencing of all begomovirus components from two plants from different fields showed the plants to be infected by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV). Both viruses have previously been shown to be present in Japan, although this is the first identification of AYVV on mainland Japan; the virus previously having been shown to be present on the Okinawa Islands.

Complete nucleotide sequence of a monopartite Begomovirus and associated satellites infecting Carica papaya in Nepal.

Carica papaya (papaya) is a fruit crop that is cultivated mostly in kitchen gardens throughout Nepal. Leaf samples of C. papaya plants with leaf curling, vein darkening, vein thickening, and a reduction in leaf size were collected from a garden in Darai village, Rampur, Nepal in 2010.

First Report of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) Infecting Sweet Bean in Nepal.

Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV; Family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) infects legume crops in many regions of the world. It is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by aphids and is also readily seed-transmitted (3). Sweet bean (Lablab purpureus L.

[Profile of patients with anophthalmic cavity: study at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP].

Purpose: To evaluate the profile of anophthalmic cavity carriers and patients' evolution with the employed treatments.

Methods: Retrospective study carried out at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, to evaluate the profile and the evolution of patients with anophthalmic cavity treated in our service. Data were evaluated according to the frequency of occurrence and analysis of association.

First Report of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Infecting Cucumber in Central Java, Indonesia.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable in Indonesia. Cucumber plants showing yellowy green mosaic symptoms on leaves were observed in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia in August 2008.

Characterization of Lagenaria mild mosaic virus, a New Potexvirus from Bottle Gourd in Myanmar.

A putative Potexvirus was detected from bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) showing mosaic and mottle symptoms in Myanmar in 2007. The virus was designated Lagenaria mild mosaic virus (LaMMoV) and was further characterized. In artificial inoculation tests, infectivity of LaMMoV was limited to two families: Chenopodiaceae and Cucurbitaceae.

The simultaneous differentiation of Potato virus Y strains including the newly described strain PVY(NTN-NW) by multiplex PCR assay.

New recombinant strain and genotype of PVY, designated as PVY(NTN-NW) and SYR-III, respectively, shared properties with PVY(NTN) and PVY(N)W has been reported recently. PVY(NTN-NW) predominated in potato fields in Syria and was able to induce potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD). Due to the rapid spread of the recombinant strains of PVY which might be the case of PVY(NTN-NW), a specific and reliable detection method is an essential step to control this strain and minimize its spread.

A point mutation changes the serotype of a potato virus Y isolate; genomic determination of the serotype of PVY strains.

A Syrian isolate of Potato virus Y (PVY), named PVY-12, reacted to two monoclonal antibodies that are specific to PVY(O,C) and PVY(N) strains, although its coat protein (CP) belongs to the PVY(N) strain. Analysis of the CP of PVY-12 revealed that a point mutation in its N terminus switched it from PVY(N)-like to PVY(O)-like at this position. This mutation changed the second nucleotide of the codon that encodes the 29th amino acid of the CP of PVY-12 from A to G, which resulted in one amino acid substitution from Glu(29 )to Gly(29).

Neonectria castaneicola and Neo. rugulosa in Japan.

Differences between Neonectria castaneicola, which causes stem and perennial canker of trees, and Neo. rugulosa have not been clearly shown in previous studies. In this study these two species were compared in detail using 17 Japanese isolates consisting of 10 strains of Neo.

Origin, world-wide dispersion, bio-geographical diversification, radiation and recombination: an evolutionary history of Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV).

We developed an evolutionary epidemiological approach to understand the regional and world-wide dispersion of Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) by retracing its evolutionary history. Analyses of the distribution and the prevalence of YMMV in the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, and in French Guyana revealed that YMMV has a wide repartition and different prevalence on Dioscorea alata L. (Asian and Oceanic origin), on D.

Mapping the virus and host genes involved in the resistance response in cucumber mosaic virus-Infected Arabidopsis thaliana.

A yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) [CMV(Y)] induces a resistance response characterized by inhibition of virus systemic movement with development of necrotic local lesions in the virus-inoculated leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24. In this report, the avirulence determinant in the virus genome was defined and the resistance gene (RCY1) of C24 was genetically mapped. The response of C24 to CMV containing the chimeric RNA3 between CMV(Y) and a virulent strain of CMV indicated that the coat protein gene of CMV(Y) determined the localization of the virus in the inoculated leaves of C24.

Nucleotide sequence of coat protein gene of yam mild mosaic virus, isolated in Papua New Guinea.

We determined the 3'-termimus 1353 nucleotides (nts) in length excluding the poly (A) tail of yam mild mosaic potyvirus (YMMV) RNA. The sequence starts within a long open reading frame (ORF) 1209 nts and is followed by untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 144 nts. The coat protein (CP) contains 266 amino acids (aa) with molecular ratio (Mr) of approximately 30 kDa.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of virus isolates indicates the presence of three potyvirus species in Allium plants.

cDNAs of potyviruses from Allium plants cultivated in different parts of the world were cloned by RT-PCR with a common primer for amplifying the 3' terminal genomic RNAs of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and, probably, of closely related potyviruses. Their nucleotide sequences bearing the viral coat protein (CP) gene and the 3' non-coding sequence were determined and compared. The degree of their sequence similarities clearly differentiated the respective viruses into 3 groups, namely OYDV "garlic-type", "wakegi-type" and LYSV group.

Relationships between the cryptic and temperate viruses of alfalfa, beet and white clover.

Small isometric virus particles containing double-stranded RNA have been independently reported in Europe and Japan from apparently healthy alfalfa (Medicago sativa), beet (Beta vulgaris), and white clover (Trifolium repens). They have been called cryptic viruses in Europe and temperate viruses in Japan. Serological comparison using immunoelectron microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the RNAs indicate that alfalfa cryptic and temperate viruses are the same, beet cryptic virus is probably a mixture of two different viruses, one of which is similar to or the same as beet temperate virus, and white clover temperate virus is a mixture of at least three different viruses, two of them indistinguishable from white clover cryptic viruses 1 and 2, respectively, and the third very likely the same as white clover cryptic virus 3.