Age-Based Differences in Sleep Quality, Pre-Sleep Arousal, and Psychosocial Factors during the Second Wave Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Georgia-A Higher Vulnerability of Younger People.

The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply disrupted sleep and mental health of people around the world. We aimed to investigate age-based differences in the prevalence of and relationship between sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal, and psychosocial factors during the second wave lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia. Data were collected through an online survey ( = 1117).

Sleep electroencephalogram evidence of delayed brain maturation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study.

Study Objectives: This study investigates whether longitudinally measured changes in adolescent brain electrophysiology corroborate the maturational lag associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and cross-sectional sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) data.

Methods: Semiannually nine adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (combined presentation, DSM-V criteria, mean age 12.39 ± 0.

Sleep restriction and age effects on waking alpha EEG activity in adolescents.

Study Objectives: To understand how sleep need changes across adolescence our laboratory is carrying out a longitudinal dose-response study on the effects of sleep duration on daytime sleepiness and performance. This report focuses on the relation of the waking alpha (8-12 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) to prior sleep duration, whether this relation changes with age, and whether decreased waking alpha power is related to changes in daytime sleepiness, vigilance, and executive functioning.

Methods: Study participants ( = 77) entered the study at ages ranging from 9.

Insomnia, Pre-Sleep Arousal, Psychosocial Factors and Changes in Sleep Pattern during the Second Wave Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Georgia.

Studies performed across the COVID-19 pandemic waves point to the persistent impact of the pandemic on sleep and mental health. We expand these data by examining insomnia, pre-sleep arousal, psychosocial factors, and retrospective changes in sleep pattern during the COVID-19 second wave lockdown period in Georgia. Data were collected through an online survey ( = 1117).

Longitudinal assessment of NREM sleep EEG in typically developing and medication-free ADHD adolescents: first year results.

Objective: Clinical observation and structural MRI studies suggest that delayed brain maturation is a major cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) which exhibits major changes across adolescence provides an opportunity to investigate brain electrophysiology evidence for maturational delay. We present data from an ongoing longitudinal study of sleep EEG in medication-free ADHD and typically developing adolescents to investigate brain electrophysiological evidence for this maturational delay.

Effects of sleep restriction on the sleep electroencephalogram of adolescents.

Study Objectives: This report describes findings from an ongoing longitudinal study of the effects of varied sleep durations on wake and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and daytime function in adolescents. Here, we focus on the effects of age and time in bed (TIB) on total sleep time (TST) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) EEG.

Methods: We studied 77 participants (41 male) ranging in age from 9.

Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Health Related Quality of Life-Results from the Georgia SOMNUS Study.

The extent to which sleep disorders are associated with impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is poorly described in the developing world. We investigated the prevalence and severity of various sleep disorders and their associations with HRQoL in an urban Georgian population. 395 volunteers (20⁻60 years) completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, STOP-Bang questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).

Sleep and psycho-behavioral problems in internally displaced children in Georgia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine sleep and psycho-behavioral variables in Georgian Internally Displaced (ID) Children and their population-based controls.

Methods: One hundred and sixty one children (10.85 ± 0.

Sleep-wake patterns and sleep quality in urban Georgia.

Objectives: Sleep problems represent a worldwide health concern but their prevalence and impacts are unknown in most non-European/North American countries. This study aimed to evaluate sleep-wake patterns, sleep quality and potential correlates of poor sleep in a sample of the urban Georgian population.

Methods: Analyses are based on 395 volunteers (267 females, 128 males, aged 20-60 years) of the Georgia Somnus Study.

Sleep quality among internally displaced Georgian adolescents and population-based controls.

Sleep problems in children and adolescents are a significant public health concern and may be linked to a variety of psychoemotional difficulties. This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and associated factors in conflict-affected Georgian adolescents after 9 months of forced displacement. Thirty-three internally displaced adolescents (mean age 11.

The journey through the world of adolescent sleep.

Sleep-wake patterns and the electroencephalogram (EEG) during sleep undergo fundamental changes during adolescence. Scientific evidence indicates that these changes represent components of an extensive maturational brain remodeling process. Sleep during periods of brain maturation appears to be particularly important for health and behavior.

Insomnia in a displaced population is related to war-associated remembered stress.

Although traumatic events are presumed to cause sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, sleep in populations subjected to forced displacement has received little attention. The present study examined the prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Abkhazia 15 years after displacement to Tbilisi. Detailed subjective information about sleep-wake habits, sleep-related and stress-related parameters were obtained from 87 IDPs categorized into good sleepers and insomniacs.

Adolescent changes in homeostatic regulation of EEG activity in the delta and theta frequency bands during NREM sleep.

Study Objectives: Slow wave EEG activity in NREM sleep decreases by more than 60% between ages 10 and 20 years. Slow wave EEG activity also declines across NREM periods (NREMPs) within a night, and this decline is thought to represent the dynamics of sleep homeostasis. We used longitudinal data to determine whether these homeostatic dynamics change across adolescence.

Kinetics of NREM delta EEG power density across NREM periods depend on age and on delta-band designation.

Study Objectives: (1) To determine whether children and elderly exhibit the atypical kinetics of very low frequency (VLF) power found in young adults, (2) to test the hypothesis that variations in "delta" bandwidth designations can explain discrepancies in whether normalized delta power density declines across non-rapid eye movement periods (NREMPs) linearly or shows the curvature expected of exponential change, and (3) to test our hypothesis that the decline in normailized delta power density in children across NREMPs would have a slope similar to that which we had previously found in young adults and elderly.

Methods: In 3 age groups (mean ages 11, 22, and 71 years) NREM electroencephalograms were analyzed with fast Fourier transform for frequencies between 0.3 and 4 Hz in bands.

Sleep EEG evidence of sex differences in adolescent brain maturation.

Study Objectives: The steep decline in slow-wave (delta) electroencephalogram (EEG) intensity across adolescence is a prominent feature of late brain maturation. As a first step in determining whether the adolescent delta decline is similar in both sexes, we compared cross-sectional sleep EEG data from 9- and 12-year-old boys and girls.

Design: All-night EEG recordings, 6 months apart, were conducted on each subject.

Rapid eye movement density shows trends across REM periods but is uncorrelated with NREM delta in young and elderly human subjects.

Saccade-like eye movements are the most prominent phasic component of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Eye movement density (EMD) appears to be negatively related to sleep depth. Thus, EMD is depressed by sleep deprivation.

Rapid eye movement density is reduced in the normal elderly.

Study Objectives: While there is general agreement on the age changes in non-rapid eye movement sleep, there is conflicting evidence on whether eye movement density (EMD) in rapid eye movement sleep is affected by aging. We therefore performed computer measurement of EMD in young and elderly normal subjects.

Design: Sleep electroencephalogram and electrooculogram were recorded in each subject on 4 nonconsecutive baseline nights.