Multilayer DNA Origami with Terminal Interfaces That Are Flat and Wide-Area.

DNA origami is a popular nanofabrication strategy that employs self-assembly of a long single scaffold strand, typically less than 10 kilobases in length, with hundreds of shorter staple strands into a desired shape. In particular, origami arranged as a single-layer rectangle has proven popular as flat pegboards that can display functionalities at staple-strand breakpoints, off the sides of the constituent double helices, with a ∼5.3 nm rhombic-lattice spacing.

Three-phase DNA-origami stepper mechanism based on multi-leg interactions.

Nanoscale stepper motors such as kinesin and dynein play a key role in numerous natural processes such as mitotic spindle formation during cell division or intracellular organelle transport. Their high efficacy in terms of operational speed and processivity has inspired the investigation of biomimetic technologies based on the use of programmable molecules. In particular, several designs of molecular walkers have been explored using DNA nanotechnology.

Single-molecule mechanical fingerprinting with DNA nanoswitch calipers.

Decoding the identity of biomolecules from trace samples is a longstanding goal in the field of biotechnology. Advances in DNA analysis have substantially affected clinical practice and basic research, but corresponding developments for proteins face challenges due to their relative complexity and our inability to amplify them. Despite progress in methods such as mass spectrometry and mass cytometry, single-molecule protein identification remains a highly challenging objective.

Complex multicomponent patterns rendered on a 3D DNA-barrel pegboard.

DNA origami, in which a long scaffold strand is assembled with a many short staple strands into parallel arrays of double helices, has proven a powerful method for custom nanofabrication. However, currently the design and optimization of custom 3D DNA-origami shapes is a barrier to rapid application to new areas. Here we introduce a modular barrel architecture, and demonstrate hierarchical assembly of a 100 megadalton DNA-origami barrel of ~90 nm diameter and ~250 nm height, that provides a rhombic-lattice canvas of a thousand pixels each, with pitch of ~8 nm, on its inner and outer surfaces.

DNA methylation patterns of adult survivors of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma compared to their unaffected monozygotic twin.

DNA methylation (DNAm) silences gene expression and may play a role in immune dysregulation that is characteristic of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (AYAHL). We used the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip to quantify DNAm in blood ( = 9 pairs, mean age 57.4 y) or saliva ( = 36 pairs, mean age 50.

Force Spectroscopy and Beyond: Innovations and Opportunities.

Life operates at the intersection of chemistry and mechanics. Over the years, we have made remarkable progress in understanding life from a biochemical perspective and the mechanics of life at the single-molecule scale. Yet the full integration of physical and mechanical models into mainstream biology has been impeded by technical and conceptual barriers, including limitations in our ability to 1) easily measure and apply mechanical forces to biological systems, 2) scale these measurements from single-molecule characterization to more complex biomolecular systems, and 3) model and interpret biophysical data in a coherent way across length scales that span single molecules to cells to multicellular organisms.

Follicular large cleaved cell (centrocytic) lymphoma: an unrecognized variant of follicular lymphoma.

The World Health Organization classification of lymphoma recommends the subdivision of follicular lymphoma (FL) into 3 grades (FL1-3) based on the average number of centroblasts per high-power field in the neoplastic follicles, but does not recognize a form of FL characterized by a predominance of large cleaved cells (centrocytes) without enough centroblasts to meet the World Health Organization criteria for FL3. We have classified such cases as follicular large cleaved cell lymphoma (FLC) and, herein, describe the pathologic and clinical features of 72 cases of this entity. The features of FLC include a follicular growth pattern with pale follicles at low magnification and frequent follicular and/or interfollicular fibrosis.

Oligolysine-based coating protects DNA nanostructures from low-salt denaturation and nuclease degradation.

DNA nanostructures have evoked great interest as potential therapeutics and diagnostics due to ease and robustness of programming their shapes, site-specific functionalizations and responsive behaviours. However, their utility in biological fluids can be compromised through denaturation induced by physiological salt concentrations and degradation mediated by nucleases. Here we demonstrate that DNA nanostructures coated by oligolysines to 0.

Cyclin D1 expression in peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Cyclin D1 is an important regulator of the cell cycle and overexpression of this protein by immunohistochemistry is characteristically seen in mantle cell lymphoma and other B-cell neoplasms. However, little is known about the expression of this protein in T-cell lymphomas. Cyclin-dependent kinase pathway inhibitors are in development, therefore identifying cyclin D1-positive T-cell lymphomas may provide a therapeutic target in a disease where novel treatments are urgently needed.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the developing world: review of 4539 cases from the International Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Classification Project.

The distribution of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes varies around the world, but a large systematic comparative study has never been done. In this study, we evaluated the clinical features and relative frequencies of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes in five developing regions of the world and compared the findings to the developed world. Five expert hematopathologists classified 4848 consecutive cases of lymphoma from 26 centers in 24 countries using the World Health Organization classification, and 4539 (93.

A Programmable DNA Origami Platform to Organize SNAREs for Membrane Fusion.

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes are the core molecular machinery of membrane fusion, a fundamental process that drives inter- and intracellular communication and trafficking. One of the questions that remains controversial has been whether and how SNAREs cooperate. Here we show the use of self-assembled DNA-nanostructure rings to template uniform-sized small unilamellar vesicles containing predetermined maximal number of externally facing SNAREs to study the membrane-fusion process.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Southern Africa: review of 487 cases from The International Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Classification Project.

Comparative data on the distribution of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes in Southern Africa (SAF) is scarce. In this study, five expert haematopathologists classified 487 consecutive cases of NHL from SAF using the World Health Organization classification, and compared the results to North America (NA) and Western Europe (WEU). Southern Africa had a significantly lower proportion of low-grade (LG) B-NHL (34·3%) and a higher proportion of high-grade (HG) B-NHL (51·5%) compared to WEU (54·5% and 36·4%) and NA (56·1% and 34·3%).

Relative frequency of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes in selected centres in North Africa, the middle east and India: a review of 971 cases.

Comparative data regarding the distribution of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes in North Africa, the Middle East and India (NAF/ME/IN) is scarce in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the relative frequencies of NHL subtypes in this region. Five expert haematopathologists classified 971 consecutive cases of newly-diagnosed NHL from five countries in NAF/ME/IN.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Far East: review of 730 cases from the international non-Hodgkin lymphoma classification project.

Large and systematic studies of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the Far East (FE) with good comparative data are scarce in the literature. In this study, five expert hematopathologists classified 730 consecutive cases of newly-diagnosed NHL from four sites in the FE (excluding Japan) using the World Health Organization classification. The results were compared to 399 cases from North America (NA).

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Romania: a single-centre experience.

Epidemiologic studies of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Eastern Europe are scarce in the literature. We report the experience of the "Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology in Cluj-Napoca (IOCN), Romania, in the diagnosis and outcome of patients with NHL. We studied 184 consecutive NHL patients diagnosed in the Pathology Department of IOCN during the years 2004-2006.

Expression of S100 Protein in CD4-positive T-cell Lymphomas Is Often Associated With T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia.

S100 T-cell lymphomas are infrequent, and except 1 all have been CD4 negative. On the basis of an index case of CD4 S100 T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), we studied S100 protein expression in 19 additional T-PLLs and 56 other T-cell lymphomas that are usually CD4, including 15 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, 24 anaplastic large cell lymphomas (16 ALK and 8 ALK), 7 mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome, and 10 peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS). Two additional S100 CD4 PTCL, NOS cases were also reviewed.

Common immune-related exposures/conditions and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case-control study of disease-discordant twin pairs.

We evaluated the association between common immune system-altering experiences and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk using a case-control study of 162 like-sex twin pairs discordant for NHL, identified from the International Twin Study. Information on medical history and evidence of childhood exposure to microbes was obtained by questionnaire from 1998 to 2002. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in South-eastern Europe: review of 632 cases from the international non-Hodgkin lymphoma classification project.

The distribution of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes varies around the world, but a systematic study of South-eastern Europe (SEEU) has never been done. Therefore, we evaluated the relative frequencies of NHL subtypes in three SEEU countries--Croatia, Romania and Macedonia. Five expert haematopathologists reviewed 632 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed NHL from the three SEEU countries using the World Health Organization classification.

Exuberant cortical thymocyte proliferation mimicking T-lymphoblastic lymphoma within recurrent large inguinal lymph node masses of localized Castleman disease.

We report a 13-year-old adolescent girl, the youngest thus far, with "an indolent T-lymphoblastic" proliferation (~10%) that uniquely presented within recurrent, large inguinal lymph node masses in a predominating (90%) background of Castleman disease. These nodal masses were resected thrice; the patient is well 5 years after diagnosis without further treatment. Histologically, the features of Castleman disease, hyaline vascular type, were present.

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Algeria according to the World Health Organization classification.

The relative distribution of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes differs markedly around the world. The aim of this study was to report this distribution in Algeria. A panel of four hematopathologists classified 197 consecutive cases according to the World Health Organization classification, including 87.

A meta-analysis of Hodgkin lymphoma reveals 19p13.3 TCF3 as a novel susceptibility locus.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have identified associations with genetic variation at both HLA and non-HLA loci; however, much of heritable HL susceptibility remains unexplained. Here we perform a meta-analysis of three HL GWAS totaling 1,816 cases and 7,877 controls followed by replication in an independent set of 1,281 cases and 3,218 controls to find novel risk loci. We identify a novel variant at 19p13.

Morphological differences of primary cilia between human induced pluripotent stem cells and their parental somatic cells.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) reprogramming possesses enormous potential in stem cell research and disease modeling. Chemical and mechanical signaling has been implicated in the maintenance of pluripotency of hiPSCs, as well as their differentiation pathways toward various lineages. Primary cilia have been shown to play a critical role in mechanochemical signaling across a wide spectrum of cell types.

Intranodular clusters of activated cells with T follicular helper phenotype in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a pilot study of 32 cases from Finland.

In nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), little is known about the presence of intranodular clusters of cytologically activated lymphoid cells producing a moth-eaten pattern histologically. This pilot study of 32 NLPHL cases from Finland ascertained (1) the frequency of the intranodular clusters of activated lymphoid cells, (2) the immunophenotype of the activated cells, (3) the size and immunophenotype of the rosetting cells, and (4) the clinical significance of the activated cells. Histologically, intranodular clusters of activated cells produced a moth-eaten pattern in 100% (32 cases; subtle in 62.