The tumor microenvironment (TME) has drawn much interest recently in the search for innovative cancer therapeutics, especially in light of the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The TME comprises various cell types within the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Throughout the malignancy, these cells interact with cancerous cells and with one another.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGynecologic cancer, a prevalent and debilitating disease affecting women worldwide, is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the reproductive organs. The complex etiology of gynecologic cancer encompasses multiple subtypes, including cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Despite optimal treatment strategies, which typically involve cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, gynecologic cancer frequently exhibits recalcitrant relapse and poor prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (QPCTL) is a newly discovered enzyme that has sparked interest owing to its possible role in cancer genesis and progression. Initially discovered as a post-translational modification regulator of protein maturation, QPCTL has emerged as a key participant in cancer biology. Recent research has linked QPCTL to numerous essential cancer-related processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Vitamin D, essential hormone for endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. A billion people are deficient globally which contributing to numerous health issues. This study explores the link between vitamin D levels and sleep quality, impacting mental and physical health in adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe menstrual cycle is an intricate biological process governed by hormonal changes that affect different facets of a woman's reproductive system. This review provides an overview of neurotransmitter alterations during different menstrual cycle phases and their effects on physiology and psychology. During the follicular phase, rising estrogen levels increase serotonin synthesis, enhancing mood, cognition, and pain tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive decline in the aging population, presenting a critical need for early diagnosis and effective prognostic tools. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have emerged as promising biomarkers for AD due to their roles in regulating gene expression and potential for reversibility. This review examines the current landscape of epigenetic biomarkers in AD, emphasizing their diagnostic and prognostic relevance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Neuropsychopharmacol
December 2024
Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is a growing public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Traditionally associated with febrile and hemorrhagic symptoms, recent research suggests a potential link between dengue and cognitive impairments. This systematic review assessed existing research to understand the association between dengue virus infection and cognitive impairments, including dementia, Alzheimer disease, memory loss, and confusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recent global resurgence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox), primarily transmitted via close contact and respiratory droplets, highlights a significant shift in its epidemiology, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This resurgence underscores the need for robust public health responses and improved surveillance. This comprehensive review of current literature focuses on recent outbreaks, virology, and available treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of cancer immunology heavily relies on the interaction between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and molecular chaperones. By participating in gene regulation, lncRNAs interact with molecular chaperones, which play a critical role in protein folding and stress responses, to influence oncogenic pathways. This interaction has an impact on both the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and the tumor cells themselves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Biochem Biophys
October 2024
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a promising frontier in healthcare. This review explores the current landscape and future prospects of AI technologies in ASD diagnostics and interventions. AI enables early detection and personalized assessment of ASD through the analysis of diverse data sources such as behavioural patterns, neuroimaging, genetics, and electronic health records.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer ranks among the most life-threatening diseases worldwide and is continuously affecting all age groups. Consequently, many research studies are being carried out to develop new cancer treatments, but many of them experience resistance and cause severe toxicity to the patients. Therefore, there is a continuous need to design novel anticancer agents that are target-based, have a higher potency, and have minimal toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways, posing a substantial health threat to a large number of people worldwide. Bronchodilators effectively alleviate symptoms of airway obstruction by inducing relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways, thereby reducing breathlessness and enhancing overall quality of life. The drug targeting to lungs poses significant challenges; however, this issue can be resolved by employing nano- and micro-particles drug delivery systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study investigated the relationship between MSH3 and MSH6 genes in lung cancer patients. Genotyping of lung cancer patients and healthy controls was performed. Odds ratio values were calculated and survival analysis performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study aimed to investigate the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) trends, patient demographics, disease types and hospitalisation duration within the Respiratory Medicine Department over three distinct phases: pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19.
Design: Retrospective analysis using electronic medical records of patients with TB admitted between June 2018 and June 2023 was done to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients with TB. The study employed a meticulous segmentation into pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras.
Introduction: The ongoing repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic include potentially deleterious impacts on bone health.
Aim: This research aimed to ascertain the effects of COVID-19 on the bone health of obese and non-obese Indian individuals.
Methods: We executed a case-control study enrolling individuals who recovered from COVID-19.
Background: The evolving challenge of persistent symptoms post-Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly debilitating cardio-pulmonary manifestations, necessitates further exploration. Our study aimed to assess the cardio-pulmonary complications in patients a year after hospital discharge from severe COVID-19, contrasting these with findings from a non-COVID group.
Methods: The OneCoV2 study, a prospective, case-control study, was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India.
Aim And Scope: Glycemic variability (GV) denotes the fluctuations in the glucose values around the baseline. High glycemic variability is associated with a higher risk of diabetes-associated complications. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of therapeutic interventions based on flash glucose monitoring on rapid, short-term glycemic variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This retrospective study aims to investigate the impact of tocilizumab on inflammatory markers in patients with severe COVID-19. The effect on oxygenation was also assessed.
Methods: This study is a single-centre, retrospective cohort study conducted at NIMS hospital.