Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 mediates macrophage/monocyte activation in autoimmune hepatitis and regulates interleukin-6 production.

Background: The mechanisms of macrophages/monocytes in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain unclear. We investigated the role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a key inflammatory signal adapter, in macrophage/monocyte activation in AIH.

Methods: Liver tissues and monocytes from patients were collected to evaluate the relationship between macrophage activation and RIP3 by double-immunofluorescence and Western blotting.

The importance of IgG4 screening in patients diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis in the past: A case rediagnosed as IgG4-SC after 10 years.

Rationale: While primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been recognized for decades, immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) has been correctly diagnosed only in recent years. PSC and IgG4-SC show similar clinical symptoms, serologic markers, and imaging results, but the treatment strategies and prognosis of patients differ.

Patient Concerns: Here, we present the case report of a patient diagnosed with PSC for 10 years and rediagnosed with IgG4-SC recently, to emphasize the importance of screening serum IgG4 levels in patients with previous diagnosis of PSC.