regulates first pharyngeal arch segmentation through pouch-cleft interactions.

The pharyngeal arches are transient developmental structures that, in vertebrates, give rise to tissues of the head and neck. A critical process underlying the specification of distinct arch derivatives is segmentation of the arches along the anterior-posterior axis. Formation of ectodermal-endodermal interfaces is a key mediator of this process, and although it is essential, mechanisms regulating the establishment of these interfaces vary between pouches and between taxa.

regulates first pharyngeal arch segmentation through pouch-cleft interactions.

The pharyngeal arches are transient developmental structures that, in vertebrates, give rise to tissues of the head and neck. A critical process underlying the specification of distinct arch derivatives is segmentation of the arches along the anterior-posterior axis. Out-pocketing of the pharyngeal endoderm between the arches is a key mediator of this process, and although it is essential, mechanisms regulating out-pocketing vary between pouches and between taxa.

Fgf8 dosage regulates jaw shape and symmetry through pharyngeal-cardiac tissue relationships.

Background: Asymmetries in craniofacial anomalies are commonly observed. In the facial skeleton, the left side is more commonly and/or severely affected than the right. Such asymmetries complicate treatment options.