Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Ocular Measures of Attention to Emotionally Expressive Faces.

Background: Mechanisms underlying exercise-induced mood enhancement are not well understood, but it is plausible that adaptive changes in attention to emotional stimuli underlie this effect. Thus, this study examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise on eye-tracking metrics while participants viewed emotionally expressive faces.

Methods: Thirty-four adults (18 women) aged 21.

Acute Exercise Prevents Angry Mood Induction but Does Not Change Angry Emotions.

Introduction: Exercise is well known to enhance a variety of mood states, but few studies have been specifically designed to investigate whether acute aerobic exercise alters feelings of anger. The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude of the effects of acute exercise on both angry mood and angry emotions.

Methods: Angry mood and angry emotions were assessed in 16 men with elevated trait anger who viewed a variety of emotionally evocative scenic pictures before and after 30 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise.

The Effect of Intermittent Head Cooling on Aerobic Performance in the Heat.

Thermoregulation is critical for athletes, particularly those for those who must perform in the heat. Most strategies aimed at reducing heat stress have cooled participants before or during activity. The objective of this study is to investigate whether seven minutes of head cooling applied between bouts of aerobic exercise in hot (35 ± 1.

Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: a controlled study of mindfulness training in Marines preparing for deployment.

Objective: Military deployment can have profound effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined whether interventions prior to deployment can improve mechanisms underlying resilience. Mindfulness-based techniques have been shown to aid recovery from stress and may affect brain-behavior relationships prior to deployment.

Emotional scenes elicit more pronounced self-reported emotional experience and greater EPN and LPP modulation when compared to emotional faces.

Emotional faces and scenes carry a wealth of overlapping and distinct perceptual information. Despite widespread use in the investigation of emotional perception, expressive face and evocative scene stimuli are rarely assessed in the same experiment. Here, we evaluated self-reports of arousal and pleasantness, as well as early and late event-related potentials (e.

Detecting emotion in others: increased insula and decreased medial prefrontal cortex activation during emotion processing in elite adventure racers.

Understanding the neural processes that characterize elite performers is a first step to develop a neuroscience model that can be used to improve performance in stressful circumstances. Adventure racers are elite athletes that operate in small teams in the context of environmental and physical extremes. In particular, awareness of team member's emotional status is critical to the team's ability to navigate high-magnitude stressors.

Subjecting elite athletes to inspiratory breathing load reveals behavioral and neural signatures of optimal performers in extreme environments.

Background: It is unclear whether and how elite athletes process physiological or psychological challenges differently than healthy comparison subjects. In general, individuals optimize exercise level as it relates to differences between expected and experienced exertion, which can be conceptualized as a body prediction error. The process of computing a body prediction error involves the insular cortex, which is important for interoception, i.

Effects of incremental exercise on cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: a systematic review.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-regression analysis to quantify effects of exercise on brain hemodynamics measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The results indicate that acute incremental exercise (categorized relative to aerobic capacity (VO(2)peak) as low - <30% VO(2)peak; moderate - ≥30% VO(2)peak to <60% VO(2)peak; hard - ≥60% VO(2)peak to View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Meeting U.S. Healthy People 2010 levels of physical activity: agreement of 2 measures across 2 years.

Background: Measuring the way people vary across time in meeting recommended levels of physical activity should be a fundamental component of public health surveillance. However, we were unaware of prospective cohort studies that had examined this in a population base using convergent measures.

Purpose: We examined agreement between two validated measures used to estimate periodic change in the rate of meeting U.

Effects of cycling exercise on vigor, fatigue, and electroencephalographic activity among young adults who report persistent fatigue.

We previously reported that 6 weeks of exercise training had positive effects on feelings of vigor and fatigue among college students who reported persistent fatigue. Here we examined whether transient mood changes after single sessions of exercise would mimic those chronic effects and whether they would be related to changes in brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Feelings of vigor were higher after both low- and moderate-intensity exercise during Weeks 1, 3, and 6 compared to a control condition.

Failure of post-action stages of the transtheoretical model to predict change in regular physical activity: a multiethnic cohort study.

Background: Predicting variation in meeting recommended levels of physical activity is important for public health evaluation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of stages of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for classifying people who meet the US Healthy People 2010 guideline for regular physical activity.

Methods: A cohort (N = 497) from a random, multiethnic sample of 700 adults living in Hawaii was assessed at 6-month intervals three or more times for 2 years.

Effects of exercise on male copulatory behavior after beta-adrenoreceptor blockade.

Unlabelled: Chronic activity-wheel running enhances male copulation and is associated with brain noradrenergic adaptations that may be modulated by the neuropeptide galanin (GAL). When injected into the medial pre-optic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus, norepinephrine facilitates, and the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol inhibits, male copulation. The present experiment tested whether chronic exercise mitigates copulatory decrements induced by adrenergic blockade in the MPOA.

Safety of interleukin-12 gene therapy against cancer: a murine biodistribution and toxicity study.

As a prerequisite for a human clinical trial using interleukin (IL)-12 gene therapy, the biodistribution and safety of IL-12, administered as an intradermal naked DNA injection, was evaluated in mice. The pNGVL3-mIL12 plasmid used in this study is a nonviral vector designed to induce a high level of IL-12 protein expression during a transient transfection of the host cell. The biodistribution was evaluated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is capable of detecting less than 100 copies of the plasmid in the context of host DNA.