Evaluating the Importance of Mentoring in Undergraduate Research Education Programs.

The National Institute of Health R25 Research Education Program was evaluated in the second year of implementation. Twelve mentors and 20 underrepresented minority students (URMs) scholars from partnerships and collaborations among five colleges and universities were added to the program to provide a more diverse research experience. Findings reveal that 100% of research mentors agree that the approachableness and accessibility of the program coordinator were beneficial in achieving mentorship goals and objectives.

Sex differences in clinical risk factors in obese ischemic stroke patients with a history of smoking.

Unlabelled: Clinical risk factors associated obesity and smoking, as well as their combined effect, are not fully understood. This study aims to determine sex differences in risk factors in a population of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who are obese and with a history of previous or current smoking.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of risk factors in male and female AIS patients with baseline data of obesity and current or previous history of smoking, smoking, and obesity alone was determined.

HO-SsNF: heap optimizer-based self-systematized neural fuzzy approach for cervical cancer classification using pap smear images.

Cervical cancer is a significant concern for women, necessitating early detection and precise treatment. Conventional cytological methods often fall short in early diagnosis. The proposed innovative Heap Optimizer-based Self-Systematized Neural Fuzzy (HO-SsNF) method offers a viable solution.

Sex Differences in Severity and Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Hyperlipidemia.

Objective: This study aims to determine sex differences in poststroke hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride levels ⩾ 200 mg/dl) and high stroke severity in ischemic stroke patients.

Method: Our study analyzed data from 392 males and 373 females with hypertriglyceridemia. Stroke severity on admission was measured using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) with a value ⩽7 indicating a more favorable post-stroke prognosis while a score of >7 indicates poorer post-stroke outcomes.

Comorbidities in patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease with Neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine baseline risk factors in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VaD) patients with neuropsychiatry symptoms (NPS), and determine whether specific risk factors differ by subtypes of dementia for AD and VaD patients with NPS.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis was conducted to evaluate similarities and differences in the risk factors for AD and VaD with NPS. The analysis included 2949 patients with VaD and 6341 patients with clinical confirmation of AD and VaD with or without NPS collected between February 2016 and August 2021.

Implementing a student-centered stroke intervention and prevention education program; evaluating motivation, cognitive load, and performance among middle school students.

Background: In this study, we investigated the association between motivation, cognitive load, difficulty, and performance in a stroke education outreach program implemented for middle school students.

Methods: Various interactive instructional activities were developed to engage students throughout the program to assess cognitive and intrinsic load arising from learner implementation of various tasks in a stroke education program for middle school kids. Performance was measured using a post-test to assess knowledge gained by the 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade middle school students.

Risk Factors Associated With Exclusion of Obese Patients Ischemic Stroke With a History of Smoking From Thrombolysis Therapy.

The objective of this study is to determine risk factors that may contribute to exclusion decision from recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with a combined current or history of smoking and obesity. This study was conducted on data from 5469 patients with AIS collected from a regional stroke registry. Risk factors associated with inclusion or exclusion from rtPA were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Integrating basic, clinical, and health system science in a medical neuroscience course of an integrated pre-clerkship curriculum.

Basic science, clinical science, and health system science (HSS) have become three pillars of integration upon which modern, post-Flexner, medical education is now based. Because of this new approach to curricular integration in a clinical presentation curruculum, medical training is now placed in the context of healthcare delivery. This study described the design, implementation, and assessment of an integrated teaching strategy, including the effect on students' performance in a medical neuroscience course's summative and formative examinations of an integrated clinical presentation curriculum.

Effective Feedback Strategy for Formative Assessment in an Integrated Medical Neuroscience Course.

Purpose: Despite the different benefits of formative assessments in an integrated medical curriculum, the effective strategies to provide feedback to medical students to benefit from the different merits of formative assessment are not fully understood. This study aims to determine the effect of different strategies of formative feedback on students' outcomes in a medical neuroscience course.

Method: We compared medical students' performance in summative examinations in the academic year that formative feedback was provided using in-person discussion and compared such performances with the academic year when the feedback was provided by written rationales or a combination of written rationales and in-person discussion.

Differences in pharmacologic and demographic factors in male and female patients with vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and mixed vascular dementia.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that demographic and pharmacologic factors may play a significant role in the epidemiology of dementia. Sex differences in prevalence also depend on dementia subtypes, such as Alzheimer's dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed vascular-Alzheimer's dementia (MVAD). Therefore, studies are needed to investigate sex-specific differences, and identify potential therapeutic targets for both sexes.

Obstetric Neuropathy in Diabetic Patients: The "Double Hit Hypothesis".

The two-hit model has been proposed to explain the effects of diabetes on mothers who are already in a putative subclinical damaged state and then undergo neuronal damage during the delivery process. However, the anatomical and pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. Our overarching hypothesis in this review paper is that pregnant women who are diabetic have a damaged peripheral nervous system, constituting the "first hit" hypothesis.

Age Stratification and Stroke Severity in the Telestroke Network.

Background: Age is one of the most important risk factors for stroke, and an estimated 75% of strokes occur in people 65 years old and above. Adults > 75 years of age experience more hospitalizations and higher mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate how age and various clinical risk factors affect acute ischemic stroke (AIS) severity in two age categories.

The role of ethnicity, biological sex, and psychotropic agents in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: This study investigates differences in pharmacological and demographic factors among male and female patients with Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).

Method: Data are from 10,126 AD patients, 9,290 were diagnosed with LOAD, while 836 were diagnosed with EOAD. Data were collected from the Prisma Health Upstate Alzheimer's patients' registry between 2016 and 2021.

Age Stratification in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Heart Failure.

Background and Purpose. Heart failure (HF) is considered one of the major risk factors associated with the severity of acute ischemic stroke(AIS). The risk factors associated with stroke severity in AIS with a history of HF is not fully understood.

Stroke Severity in Ischemic Stroke Patients with a History of Diastolic Blood Pressure Treated in a Telestroke Network.

Background: The relationship between diastolic blood pressure (DBP), risk factors, and stroke severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated in a telestroke network is not fully understood. The present study aims to determine the effect of risk factors on stroke severity in AIS patients with a history of elevated DBP. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on stroke severity for AIS patients treated between January 2014 and June 2016 treated in the PRISMA Health telestroke network.

Acute Ischemic Stroke and Heart Failure: Stroke Risk Factors Associated with Exclusion from Thrombolytic Therapy.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with congestive heart failure (HF) that present with various risk factors are less likely to receive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The risk factors associated with excluding AIS patients with congestive heart failure (AIS-HF) from rtPA therapy have not been fully established. Retrospective data for 5469 AIS patients comprised of 590 AIS patients with HF and 4879 AIS patients without HF were collected from a regional stroke registry between January 2010 and June 2016.

Active Learning: Action Potential and Clinical Applications in Neuroscience Medical Education.

Active learning in medical education engages adult learners and increases collaborative opportunities for consolidation of concepts. An innovative learning activity was used to engage medical students in an activity about action potentials and its clinical applications, resulting in increased understanding, application, and retention of the clinical relevance of the topic.

Ground-based selected ionizing space radiation effects on stability of APIs and their formulations.

Primary goal of any space mission is to keep astronauts healthy and fit during entire mission. One of the important challenges for that is providing a safe and effective pharmacy with the capabilities to address both scheduled and unanticipated medical conditions that may arise during spaceflight. Extended exposure to space environmental conditions may trigger drug deterioration, impacting quality, effectiveness, and safety.

Analysis of severity in ischemic stroke patients with coronary artery disease in the telestroke network.

This study investigated demographic and clinical risk factors associated with severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine specific factors associated with worsening or improving neurologic functions among AIS patients with CAD treated in the telestroke. AIS patients with CAD, peripheral vascular disease (OR: 3.

Retrospective analysis of comorbidities in stroke patients with a history of obstructive sleep apnea treated with thrombolytic therapy.

Background: The eligibility criteria for thrombolytic therapy may differ between acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) patients with and without incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we determine the effect of specific comorbidities in the exclusion and inclusion for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) administration in the AIS population with OSA.

Methods: Retrospective data from a stroke registry were analyzed for baseline clinical and demographic factors in AIS patients with OSA for rtPA therapy from January 2010 to June 2016.

Research Education Program for Underrepresented Minority Students: Students' Perception of Academic Enrichment and Research Activities.

The Research Education Program (REP) is an NIH R25-funded training grant designed to increase the pipeline of underrepresented minority (URM) students entering graduate programs and pursuing biomedical research and health care careers. Each week, students participated in different academic enrichment activities during morning sessions. Research activities were during afternoon sessions.

Stroke Severity among Men and Women Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in the Telestroke Network.

Introduction: This study investigates gender differences among stroke patients treated in the telestroke network using specific risk factors that contribute to stroke severity.

Methods: We examined gender differences in stroke severity among 454 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The logistic regression model was used to predict clinical risk factors associated with stroke severity in men and women AIS patients.

Sex Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Alzheimer Patients With Dementia and Cognitive Impairments.

Objective: The current study investigates sex differences associated with pharmacological and demographic characteristics in Alzheimer patients (AD) with dementia (ADD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method: A retrospective analytical approach was used to analyze data from 45,696 AD patients with MCI or ADD. The univariate analysis was used to determine differences in demographic, and pharmacological characteristics for male and female ADD and MCI-AD patients.