Diabetes mellitus risk for 102 drugs and drug combinations used in patients with bipolar disorder.

Objective: To compare the largest set of bipolar disorder pharmacotherapies to date (102 drugs and drug combinations) for risk of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: The IBM MarketScan® database was used to retrospectively analyze data on 565,253 adults with bipolar disorder without prior glucose metabolism-related diagnoses. The pharmacotherapies compared were lithium, mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants (monotherapy and multi-class polypharmacy).

Comparison of 71 bipolar disorder pharmacotherapies for kidney disorder risk: The potential hazards of polypharmacy.

Background: This study compared the largest set of bipolar disorder pharmacotherapies to date (71 drugs and drug combinations) for risk of kidney disorders (KDs).

Methods: This retrospective observational study used the IBM MarketScan® database to analyze data on 591,052 adults with bipolar disorder without prior nephropathy, for onset of KDs (of "moderate" or "high" severity) following psychopharmacotherapy (lithium, mood stabilizing anticonvulsants [MSAs], antipsychotics, antidepressants), or "No drug". Cox regression models included fixed pre-treatment covariates and time-varying drug exposure covariates to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each treatment versus "No drug".

Comprehensive comparison of monotherapies for psychiatric hospitalization risk in bipolar disorders.

Objectives: This study compared 29 drugs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization in bipolar disorders, addressing the evidence gap on the >50 drugs used by US patients for treatment.

Methods: The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan database was used to identify 190 894 individuals with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder who filled a prescription for one of 29 drugs of interest: lithium, first- or second-generation antipsychotics, mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. Competing risks regression survival analysis was used to compare drugs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization, adjusting for patient age, sex, comorbidities, and pretreatment medications.

Systemic challenges in bipolar disorder management: A patient-centered approach.

Objectives: As part of a series of Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded large-scale retrospective observational studies on bipolar disorder (BD) treatments and outcomes, we sought the input of patients with BD and their family members to develop research questions. We aimed to identify systemic root causes of patient-reported challenges with BD management in order to guide subsequent studies and initiatives.

Methods: Three focus groups were conducted where patients and their family members (total n = 34) formulated questions around the central theme, "What do you wish you had known in advance or over the course of treatment for BD?" In an affinity mapping exercise, participants clustered their questions and ranked the resulting categories by importance.

Hypothyroidism risk compared among nine common bipolar disorder therapies in a large US cohort.

Objectives: Thyroid abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have been linked to lithium treatment for decades, yet other drugs have been less well studied. Our objective was to compare hypothyroidism risk for lithium versus the anticonvulsants and second-generation antipsychotics commonly prescribed for BD.

Methods: Administrative claims data on 24,574 patients with BD were analyzed with competing risk survival analysis.

Schizoaffective disorder merges schizophrenia and bipolar disorders as one disease--there is no schizoaffective disorder.

Purpose Of Review: Schizoaffective disorder was named as a compromise diagnosis in 1933, and remains popular as judged by its place in the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, its frequent use in clinical practice, and its extensive discussion in the literature. Some, however, have questioned the validity of schizoaffective disorder as separate from psychotic mood disorder. We examined the literature to assess the rationale for the continuation of schizoaffective disorder as a legitimate diagnostic category.

The schizophrenias, the neuroses and the covered wagon; a critical review.

Objective: In order to compare their validity, this review applies scientific standards for sustaining the neuroses, the schizophrenias and bipolar disorders as separate "bona-fide" psychiatric diseases. The standards for disease validation demand specific and unique symptoms.

Method: We review a wide variety of clinical and basic science comparisons between schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar in a select English-language literature.

Schizoaffective disorders are psychotic mood disorders; there are no schizoaffective disorders.

Schizoaffective disorder (SA D/O), introduced in 1933 by Dr. Jacob Kasanin, represented a first, modest change in our concept about the diagnoses of psychotic patients away from the beliefs of E. Bleuler, i.