Pain and Addiction: The Distribution of Supply and Demand During the Opioid Epidemic.

A considerable portion of the opioid epidemic has been driven by physician-prescribed opioids for pain management. Thus, policies to address the epidemic must consider not only the resources available to manage addiction but those to manage acute and chronic pain as well. For the period 2017 to 2019, the authors sought to describe the distribution, by state, of indicators of the supply of resources to address pain and addiction (graduate medical education subspecialty training in pain and addiction, number of board-certified pain and addiction specialists, number of opioid treatment centers), as well as indicators of the demands for those services (opioid prescriptions, opioid overdose deaths), to identify states that seem to suffer from a mismatch between supply and demand.

Central Visual Oscillopsia: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Here we present a patient with persistent central visual oscillopsia, review the literature on this condition, and report results from an experimental intervention using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. A 57-year-old man reported persistent visual oscillopsia after a traumatic brain injury suffered 20 years earlier. Symptoms were presumed to be of cortical origin given his normal eye movements, eye stability, and peripheral vestibular function.

Induction of the unfolded protein response drives enhanced metabolism and chemoresistance in glioma cells.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based cytoprotective mechanism acting to prevent pathologies accompanying protein aggregation. It is frequently active in tumors, but relatively unstudied in gliomas. We hypothesized that UPR stress effects on glioma cells might protect tumors from additional exogenous stress (ie, chemotherapeutics), postulating that protection was concurrent with altered tumor cell metabolism.

Prolonged remission of advanced bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma in a dog treated with autologous, tumour-derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) vaccine.

Purpose: This paper presents the treatment of a 12-year-old female spayed Great Dane who presented with vestibular signs (ataxia, nystagmus, hind end collapse). Thoracic radiographs revealed a discrete pulmonary nodule in the right cranial lung lobe. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate detected primary bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma, verified via computed tomography, with a second smaller nodule discovered in the right cranial lung lobe.

Medulloblastoma exosome proteomics yield functional roles for extracellular vesicles.

Medulloblastomas are the most prevalent malignant pediatric brain tumors. Survival for these patients has remained largely the same for approximately 20 years, and our therapies for these cancers cause significant health, cognitive, behavioral and developmental sequelae for those who survive the tumor and their treatments. We obviously need a better understanding of the biology of these tumors, particularly with regard to their migratory/invasive behaviors, their proliferative propensity, and their abilities to deflect immune responses.