Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in a virologically suppressed adult with HIV and end-stage renal disease on chronic peritoneal dialysis: A case report.

Despite increasing rates of renal replacement therapy, data supporting the safe and effective use of HIV treatment guidelines preferred regimens in people on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is limited. Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) is a guideline recommended initial regimen for most people with HIV with FDA-approval for use in virologically suppressed people receiving chronic hemodialysis; however, the safety and efficacy of BIC/FTC/TAF remains unknown when used in patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We report the first case of BIC/FTC/TAF use in CAPD.

Statin Use and the Point Prevalence of Antibiotics in Ambulatory Patients with Diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012.

In patients with diabetes, the risk of infections is increased, hypothesized to be due to alterations in the immune system, among other changes. The pleotropic effects of statins have been investigated to assess their role in reducing the risk of infection and infection-related outcomes with varying results. The aim of this study is to determine if the use of statins is associated with a decrease in the point prevalence of oral antibiotic use in ambulatory patients with diabetes.

Elvitegravir for the treatment of HIV.

Current antiretrovirals (ARVs) have demonstrated the ability to prolong the life of an HIV infected individual via suppression of the virus and subsequent restoration of immune function. Despite significant advancement, there remains an opportunity for improvement. One ARV that attempts to fill global HIV therapeutic needs by balancing convenience, safety, and efficacy is elvitegravir (EVG).

An Elective Course on Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Objective: To implement an antimicrobial stewardship (AS) elective course for second-year and third-year pharmacy students and to assess its impact on students' perceptions regarding the application of AS principles.

Design: A 2-credit elective course focusing on principles of AS incorporated prelecture didactic recordings with primary literature and guideline-based reading assignments, in-class active-learning group work and student-led presentations, and student-generated examination items.

Assessment: Perceptions were assessed by precourse and postcourse survey items.

Cobicistat: Review of a Pharmacokinetic Enhancer for HIV Infection.

Purpose: This article reviews the clinical pharmacology, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability, drug interactions, and dosing and administration of cobicistat.

Methods: Searches of MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from 1964 to February 2015 were conducted using the search terms cobicistat and GS-9350. Relevant information was extracted from the identified clinical trials and review articles.

Cost Reduction of Inhaled Tobramycin by Use of Preservative-Free Intravenous Tobramycin Given via Inhalation.

This study evaluates drug cost outcomes related to automatic therapeutic substitution of branded tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI(®)) with inhaled generic preservative-free intravenous tobramycin (PFIT). A retrospective single-center evaluation of inhaled tobramycin use from 2008 through 2012 was performed. Number of doses dispensed and acquisition costs were obtained.

Antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated within the oral flora of Florida blacktip sharks: guidance for empiric antibiotic therapy.

Sharks possess a variety of pathogenic bacteria in their oral cavity that may potentially be transferred into humans during a bite. The aim of the presented study focused on the identification of the bacteria present in the mouths of live blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, and the extent that these bacteria possess multi-drug resistance. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity of nineteen live blacktip sharks, which were subsequently released.

Effectiveness of pre-operative cefazolin in obese patients.

Background: Cefazolin remains the preferred preoperative antibiotic for the majority of surgical procedures. However, outcome evidence supporting current dosing recommendations for pre-operative prophylaxis is scarce, particularly for obese patients. With more than 33% of adults in the United States classified as obese, it is crucial that we determine the correct dosing regimen in order to maximize the potential to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs).

Tedizolid: a new oxazolidinone antimicrobial.

Purpose: The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy and safety of an investigational second-generation oxazolidinone are reviewed.

Summary: Tedizolid is a protein synthesis inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of gram-positive infections. Similar to linezolid, tedizolid works by binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit, thereby preventing the formation of the 70S initiation complex and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Penicillin skin testing: potential implications for antimicrobial stewardship.

As the progression of multidrug-resistant organisms and lack of novel antibiotics move us closer toward a potential postantibiotic era, it is paramount to preserve the longevity of current therapeutic agents. Moreover, novel interventions for antimicrobial stewardship programs are integral to combating antimicrobial resistance worldwide. One unique method that may decrease the use of second-line antibiotics (e.