A Systematic Literature Review of Important and Meaningful Differences in the EQ-5D index and visual analogue scale scores.

Objectives: We aimed to provide a comprehensive summary, synthesis, and appraisal of minimally important difference (MID) estimates for EQ-5D instruments.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search using relevant terms related to "minimally/clinically, meaningful/ important difference/change" and "EQ-5D" in six major databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to Jan 2023). We included studies that provided at least one original MID estimate for the EQ-5D.

Small differences in EQ-5D-5L health utility scores were interpreted differently between and within respondents.

Objectives: This study aims to determine how population-based health-utility score (HUS) differences reflect individuals' health preferences using responses from the Canadian EQ-5D-5L Valuation Study, including time trade-off (TTO) and discrete-choice experiment (DCE) tasks (n = 1073).

Study Design And Setting: Cardinal TTO responses were transformed into pairwise comparisons to yield ordinal TTO responses. We investigated how EQ-5D-5L HUS differences differ from participants' stated cardinal preferences, and determined the smallest HUS difference that may be expected to represent participants' ordinal preferences.

Modifying the quality-adjusted life year calculation to account for meaningful change in health-related quality of life: insights from a pragmatic clinical trial.

Background: We propose a modified quality-adjusted life year (QALY) calculation that aims to be consistent with guidance for interpreting change in patient-reported outcomes. This calculation incorporates the minimally important difference (MID) in generic preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQL) change scores to reflect what might be considered meaningful HRQL improvement/deterioration. In doing so, we review common issues in QALY calculations such as adjustment for baseline scores and standardizing for between-group differences.

Estimation of an Instrument-Defined Minimally Important Difference in EQ-5D-5L Index Scores Based on Scoring Algorithms Derived Using the EQ-VT Version 2 Valuation Protocols.

Objectives: To estimate and compare the minimally important difference (MID) in index score of country-specific EQ-5D-5L scoring algorithms developed using EuroQol Valuation Technology protocol version 2, including algorithms from Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Taiwan, and the United States.

Methods: A simulation-based approach contingent on all single-level transitions defined by the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system was used to estimate the MID for each algorithm.

Results: The resulting mean (and standard deviation) instrument-defined MID estimates were Germany, 0.

A Longitudinal Study on the Association Between Diabetic Foot Disease and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between diabetic foot disease and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during a 2-year follow up among people with type 2 diabetes in Alberta.

Methods: A type 2 diabetes cohort was established (2011‒2013); those with self-reported diabetic foot disease were identified. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and 1 and 2 years.

Minimally Important Difference of the EQ-5D-5L Index Score in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) is a generic preference-based measure of health-related quality of life, and several studies have made attempts to estimate the minimally important difference (MID) for the EQ-5D index score.

Objectives: To estimate the MID of the five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) index score in a population-based sample of adults with type 2 diabetes and to explore whether the MID estimate varies by baseline index score and the direction of change in health status.

Methods: We used longitudinal survey data of adults with type 2 diabetes in Alberta, Canada.

Instrument-Defined Estimates of the Minimally Important Difference for EQ-5D-5L Index Scores.

Background: The five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) is a preference-based measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which yields an index score anchored at 0 (dead) and 1 (full health). We lack evidence on estimates for the minimally important difference (MID) of the EQ-5D-5L that will help in interpreting differences or changes in HRQOL measured by this scale score.

Objectives: To estimate the MID of the EQ-5D-5L index score for available scoring algorithms including algorithms from Canada, China, Spain, Japan, England, and Uruguay.

A theoretical examination of the relative importance of evolution management and drug development for managing resistance.

Drug resistance is a serious public health problem that threatens to thwart our ability to treat many infectious diseases. Repeatedly, the introduction of new drugs has been followed by the evolution of resistance. In principle, there are two complementary ways to address this problem: (i) enhancing drug development and (ii) slowing the evolution of drug resistance through evolutionary management.