MRI characteristics of radiographically occult femoral neck fractures in trauma patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures.

Purpose: Ipsilateral femoral neck fractures can be seen alongside femoral shaft fractures in high-velocity trauma patients. These neck fractures are often occult on radiographs and CT, and can have a significant impact on patient outcomes if not treated promptly. Limited protocol pelvic MRI has been used to increase sensitivity for these occult fractures.

Lower 90-day inpatient readmission and 1-year reoperation in patients undergoing robotic versus manual total hip arthroplasty through an anterior approach.

Background: The value of robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) has yet to be determined compared to conventional manual THA (mTHA).

Objective: Evaluate 90-day inpatient readmission rates, rates of reoperation, and clinically significant improvement of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 1-year in a cohort of patients who underwent mTHA or rTHA through a direct anterior (DA) approach.

Methods: A single-surgeon, prospective institutional cohort of 362 patients who underwent primary THA for osteoarthritis via the DA approach between February 2019 and November 2020 were included.

Preoperative Veterans Rand-12 Mental Composite Score of < 40 Leads to Increased Healthcare Utilization and Diminished Improvement After Primary Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Adverse outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been associated with preoperative psychological disorders and poor mental health. We aimed to investigate and quantify the association between preoperative mental health and 1) postoperative 90-day health care utilization; and 2) 1-year patient-reported outcomes after primary TKA.

Methods: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent primary elective TKA (n = 7,476) was performed.

The Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Diagnosis of High-Energy Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures.

Objective: To evaluate the most common femoral shaft fracture morphology associated with an ipsilateral femoral neck fracture in high-energy blunt trauma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Level 1 trauma center.

Dual-Energy CT to Diagnose Occult Femoral Neck Fracture in MRI-Contraindicated Patient: A Case Report.

Case: A 79-year-old woman presented after a ground level fall with the inability to bear weight on her right hip. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) imaging were negative for a femoral neck fracture. Her medical comorbidities precluded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so dual-energy CT with focused evaluation for bone edema was performed, identifying a femoral neck fracture that was stabilized surgically.

Pathologic Femur Fracture through Osteoid Osteoma after Radiofrequency Ablation: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

This is a case report of a 4-year-old girl who sustained a femoral shaft fracture 2 weeks after radiofrequency ablation of an osteoid osteoma. The fracture occurred after a relatively low-energy impact, jumping off the second to last step of a staircase. The pathologic fracture was successfully treated with closed reduction and spica casting, with full return to activities.

Treatment of Kyphosis Arising Secondary to Laminectomy and Irradiation in the Pediatric Population.

The effects of radiation therapy and laminectomy on the growing spine have been well documented. Due to compromised bone quality after irradiation, spinal fusion has a high failure rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment of post-laminectomy and post-irradiation kyphosis in children using a vascularized rib graft (VRG) to augment anterior spinal fusion and posterior spinal fusion.

Implementation of a novel MRI protocol for diagnosing femoral neck fractures in high energy femoral shaft fractures: One year results.

Introduction: Preliminary results using a novel rapid-sequence MRI to diagnose ipsilateral femoral neck fractures in patients sustaining high-energy femoral shaft fractures have been favorable compared to radiographic and CT imaging alone. To evaluate and optimize this new institutional imaging protocol further, we reviewed our results one year after implementation.

Methods: Rapid-sequence MRI was added to the imaging evaluation of patients with high-energy femoral shaft fractures without femoral neck fractures identified on radiographs or CT imaging.

Improving the Diagnosis of Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures: A New Imaging Protocol.

Background: Despite increased awareness of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures in patients with high-energy femoral shaft fractures and advanced imaging with thin-cut high-resolution computed tomography (CT), failure of diagnosis remains problematic. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the preoperative diagnosis of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures in patients with high-energy femoral shaft fractures can be improved with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with radiographic and CT imaging.

Methods: In response to delayed diagnoses of femoral neck fractures despite thin-cut high-resolution CT, our institutional imaging protocol for acute, high-energy femoral shaft fractures was altered to include rapid limited-sequence MRI to evaluate for occult femoral neck fractures.

Second harmonic generation imaging of corneal stroma after infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic gram-negative organism that has the ability to cause blinding corneal infections following trauma and during contact lens wear. In this study, we investigated the directional movement and orientation of an invasive corneal isolate of P. aeruginosa in the corneal stroma during infection of ex vivo and in vivo rabbit corneas using multiphoton fluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging.

Development of supported liquid-phase microextraction probes for in vivo PK studies.

Background: A new sample preparation method termed supported liquid-phase microextraction is proposed. With this technique, the extraction phase is a liquid immobilized inside the pores of a membrane coated on a solid support.

Methodology: Supported liquid-phase microextraction probes were prepared by coating wires with porous polyacrylonitrile followed by saturation with 1-octanol.

Multifaceted interventions improve adherence to the surgical checklist.

Introduction: Adherence to surgical safety checklists remains challenging. Our institution demonstrated acceptable rates of checklist utilization but poor adherence to all checkpoints. We hypothesized that stepwise, multifaceted interventions would improve checklist adherence.

High-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging for the separation of benign from malignant BI-RADS 4/5 lesions found on breast MRI at 3T.

Purpose: To determine whether readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion imaging (RESOLVE) improves separation of malignant versus benign lesions compared to standard single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) on BI-RADS 4/5 lesions detected on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Consecutive 3T breast MRI studies with BI-RADS 4/5 designation and subsequent biopsy or benign mastectomy were retrospectively identified. Freehand regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on lesions and also on normal background fibroglandular tissue for comparison.

Effects of small-sided game and change-of-direction training on reactive agility and change-of-direction speed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of training change-of-direction speed and small-sided games on performance in the Planned-AFL agility test and reactive agility. Twenty-five elite-standard U-18 Australian Rules football players were randomly allocated either to a change-of-direction group or a small-sided games group. Players participated in one or two 15-min sessions per week with 11 sessions conducted over a 7-week period during the season.

The shortcomings of clinical trials assessing the efficacy of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Multiple clinical trials within the past decade have aimed to study the safety and efficacy of various probiotic strains in treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there exists much heterogenicity in study design among these trials, namely, in bacterial strain, dose, dosage form, sample size, study duration, and population demographics.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the shortcomings of clinical trials using probiotic treatments in subjects with IBS, so that researchers may realize where limitations exist, allowing them to curtail these limitations in future trials.