Upregulating ANKHD1 in PS19 mice reduces Tau phosphorylation and mitigates Tau-toxicity-induced cognitive deficits.

Abnormal accumulation of Tau protein in the brain disrupts normal cellular function and leads to neuronal death linked with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. An attractive approach to mitigate Tau-induced neurodegeneration is to enhance the clearance of toxic Tau aggregates. We previously showed that upregulation of the fly gene protects against FUS- and Tau-induced photoreceptor degeneration in fly disease models.

The Problem of Pain in Lupus: Epidemiological Profiles of Patients Attending Multidisciplinary Pain Clinics.

Introduction: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) bear a significant burden of pain. We aimed to identify factors that distinguish patients with SLE referred to comprehensive pain clinics and those who are not. Characterizing this patient population will identify unmet needs in SLE management and inform efforts to improve pain care in rheumatology.

Endogenous opioid system modulates conditioned cocaine reward in a sex-dependent manner.

Cocaine predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behaviour and can incite cocaine seeking and taking. This type of conditioned behaviour is encoded within striatal circuits, and these circuits and behaviours are, in part, regulated by opioid peptides and receptors expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons. We previously showed that augmenting levels of the opioid peptide enkephalin in the striatum facilitates acquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP), while opioid receptor antagonists attenuate expression of cocaine CPP.

Striatal enkephalin supports maintenance of conditioned cocaine reward during extinction.

Drug predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behavior and can incite drug seeking and taking. This association and the behavioral output are encoded within striatal circuits, and regulation of these circuits by G-protein coupled receptors affects cocaine-related behaviors. Here, we investigated how opioid peptides and G-protein coupled opioid receptors expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) regulate conditioned cocaine seeking.

Comparative Antennal Morphometry and Sensilla Organization in the Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Castes of the Formosan Subterranean Termite.

Antennae are the primary sensory organs in insects, where a variety of sensilla are distributed for the perception of the chemical environment. In eusocial insects, colony function is maintained by a division of labor between reproductive and non-reproductive castes, and chemosensation is essential for regulating their specialized social activities. Several social species in Hymenoptera display caste-specific characteristics in antennal morphology and diversity of sensilla, reflecting their differential tasks.

Daily GnRH agonist treatment delays the development of reproductive physiology and behavior in male rats.

The present study was designed to examine the effects of suppressing pubertal onset with leuprolide acetate, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. Starting on postnatal day (PD) 25, male Long-Evans rats were injected daily with either leuprolide acetate (25 μg/kg dissolved in 0.9% sterile physiological saline; n = 13) or sterile physiological saline (1.

Argyrophilic nuclear organizer region and p73 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Teammates or adversaries?

Context: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consists of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in the upper aerodigestive tract and accounts for 5% of cancers worldwide. In Malaysia, cancers of the nasopharynx, larynx, tongue and oral cavity are among the top twenty most common cancers in men. Argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNORs) are increased from normal mucosa to premalignant lesions to malignant lesions and have been associated with tumor grade and prognosis of patients.

Malignant schwannoma of the medial plantar branch of the posterior tibial nerve.

Malignant schwannoma in the foot is extremely rare. The authors present a case involving the medial plantar branch of the posterior tibial nerve in a patient with neurofibromatosis, without previous history of malignant degeneration. Following full excisional biopsy, the diagnosis was made using immunohistochemical studies and electron microscopy.

Erroneous results with routine laboratory testing for immunoglobulins due to interference from circulating immune complexes in a case of hyperviscosity syndrome associated with autoimmune disease.

A patient with the hyperviscosity syndrome exhibited very high concentrations of intermediate to small circulating immune complexes (CIC), involving 40-50% of the IgG present, with IgG rheumatoid factor activity. We demonstrate that precipitation of CIC by polyethylene glycol in the reaction mixture caused interference with nephelometric methods for measuring IgM and IgA, and that failure of immunoglobulins to migrate, owing to molecular interactions, caused interference with radial immunodiffusion methods. Semiquantitative values for immunoglobulins were difficult to interpret on immunoelectrophoresis.

Laser vasovasostomy. A comparative retrospective study, using bioquantum microsurgical carbon dioxide laser.

Microsurgical carbon dioxide (CO2) vasovasostomy was successfully achieved by fusion coagulation of protein with power densities of 40 W/cm2. When 20 and 32 W/cm2 were used, the histologic picture was found to be a uniform leakage of sperm with secondary granuloma formation, suggesting that at this power density, unsuccessful attempts at welding the vas deferens will result.

Inaccurate measurement of a polymeric IgA myeloma protein by nephelometric and fluorometric instrumentation.

The concentration of IgA in a serum was 5.99 g/L as assayed nephelometrically with reagent from one company, but varied between 5 and 3 g/L (for sixfold and 36-fold dilutions, respectively) without giving a definitive answer when assayed with reagent from another source. Immunofixation electrophoresis indicated an IgA lambda monoclonal protein of 45 g/L.

Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: report of two cases of a surgically curable tumor.

This is a report of two cases of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas, a recently described, relatively benign tumor of the pancreas that occurs predominantly in young women. The clinical presentation, radiographic features, and gross and microscopic pathologic findings along with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies are described. A brief review of the literature is cited and surgical significance is discussed.

Intramuscular hemangioma of the tongue.

A case of intramuscular hemangioma of the tongue originally suspected to be an epidermoid or dermoid cyst was presented. The correct diagnosis was discovered during surgery, when uncontrollable bleeding and the results from a frozen section revealed the true nature of the lesion.

Carbon dioxide laser microsurgical vasovasostomy.

Microsurgical carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vasovasostomy was successfully achieved by fusion coagulation of protein under similar laboratory conditions as those seen in the operating room. Speed of performance, patent lumen, and lack of granuloma formation support the CO2 laser's ability to simplify this technique.

Nasolabial cyst: presentation of a case with a review of the literature.

This report presents the clinical and histologic features and treatment of a classic nasolabial (nasoalveolar) cyst. Review of the literature confirms the fact that this lesion is a benign developmental cyst that may arise from epithelium of the nasolacrimal duct. The lesion is usually unilateral, but may be bilateral, is located beneath the ala of the nose, and occurs more frequently in females.

Two-dimensional echocardiographic detection and diagnostic features of tricuspid papillary fibroelastoma.

Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas are rare and benign primary tumors in the cardiac valves or occasionally the mural endocardium. Before 1977, these tumors were diagnosed exclusively at postmortem examination. Over the last few years, a handful of cases have been diagnosed in vivo by echocardiography.

Congenital epithelial cysts of the iris stroma.

Although epithelial implantation cysts in the anterior chamber and iris have often been described, spontaneous congenital epithelial cysts of the iris stroma are not common. A cyst large enough to obstruct vision and cause amblyopia was removed surgically from a 6-month-old infant. The presence of goblet cells in th epithelium may be related to the embryologic source or the cells.

Placental tissue registry. Analysis of the first 500 cases.

An analysis has been given of the first 500 cases submitted to the Placental Tissue Registry. Placental lesions were studied in a variety of clinical situations other than the usual complications of pregnancy. There were more infant deaths than infants with a good outcome in the cases of absence of one umbilical artery, amnion nodosum, atheromatosis of the decidual vessels, and acute and chronic villitis.

Carbon dioxide laser surgery of the eye and adnexa.

A carbon dioxide laser which functions in both rapid superpulsed and continuous wave mode for use in ophthalmic surgery is described. Rapid superpulsed mode was found more effective in the creation of trabeculectomy-like procedures in glaucomatous human eyes with satisfactory results in 12 of 14 eyes treated. Continuous wave energy was found to be superior when full thickness eye wall resection was performed.

Facilitated healing of osseous lesions in the canine mandible after electrical stimulation.

A study was performed to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on the repair of osseous lesions in the canine mandible. Results showed considerably more osteoblastic activity on the electrically stimulated side, with maximal growth nearest the negative electrode. Histologic examination showed healing consisted of the production of intramembranous bone, with no evidence of neoplastic changes.