Publications by authors named "Nathan K Layle"
Article Synopsis
- 2-Benzylbenzimidazole derivatives, known as nitazenes, are becoming more prevalent in the recreational drug market, prompting research into their synthesis and effects.
- This study examines 15 different nitazenes, expanding the understanding of their structure-activity relationships and aiding stakeholders like forensic toxicologists and policymakers in managing potential risks.
- Results show that these nitazenes bind strongly to µ-opioid receptors and may have effects similar to or greater than fentanyl, indicating their potential for harm through opioid-like effects observed in mice.
Article Synopsis
- New synthetic opioids (NSOs), like brorphine, are becoming more common and can change how people use opioids for fun.
- Researchers studied different types of brorphine and its similar versions to see how they affect the brain and body, finding that some were very effective at relieving pain.
- They also discovered that while these drugs can help with pain, they can also cause serious breathing problems, making them risky for people who use them.
Opioid overdoses, particularly those involving fentanyl-related substances (FRS), present a significant public health challenge in the United States. This structure-activity relationship (SAR) study evaluated the relationship between the chemical structure of seventeen FRS and their in vivo mu-opioid-receptor (MOR) mediated effects. SAR evaluations included fluorine substitutions on the aniline or phenethyl ring and variations in N-acyl chain length.
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- The study examines the respiratory depressant effects of seven synthetic fentanyl analogs on adult male mice, highlighting the rising concerns of opioid-related fatalities due to these substances.
- Findings indicate that all tested drugs caused significant hypoventilation, with varying potencies compared to established opioids like morphine and buprenorphine.
- Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, effectively reduced the hypoventilation effects, demonstrating the potential for reversal in cases of opioid overdose.
Several 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids (also referred to as "nitazenes") recently emerged on the illicit market. The most frequently encountered member, isotonitazene, has been identified in multiple fatalities since its appearance in 2019. Although recent scheduling efforts targeted isotonitazene, many other analogues remain unregulated.
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