A synthetic lethal screen for Snail-induced enzalutamide resistance identifies JAK/STAT signaling as a therapeutic vulnerability in prostate cancer.

Despite substantial improvements in the treatment landscape of prostate cancer, the evolution of hormone therapy-resistant and metastatic prostate cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related death globally. The mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer is targeting of androgen receptor signaling, including androgen deprivation therapy plus second-generation androgen receptor blockade (e.g.

The Value of Phenotypic Precision Medicine in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. For patients who develop metastatic disease, tissue-based and circulating-tumor-based molecular and genomic biomarkers have emerged as a means of improving outcomes through the application of precision medicine. However, the benefit is limited to a minority of patients.

Loss of ATRX promotes aggressive features of osteosarcoma with increased NF-κB signaling and integrin binding.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a lethal disease with few known targeted therapies. Here, we show that decreased ATRX expression is associated with more aggressive tumor cell phenotypes, including increased growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. These phenotypic changes correspond with activation of NF-κB signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, increased integrin αvβ3 expression, and ETS family transcription factor binding.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted theranostics: past, present, and future approaches.

Although prostate cancer is the type of cancer most commonly survived by men in the United States, it remains the second most common cause of death from cancer, largely owing to metastatic disease. Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) whose disease has progressed on standard-of-care therapies have few options and a poor prognosis. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II integral membrane protein that is commonly expressed in prostate cancer.

A Zebrafish Model of Metastatic Colonization Pinpoints Cellular Mechanisms of Circulating Tumor Cell Extravasation.

Metastasis is a multistep process in which cells must detach, migrate/invade local structures, intravasate, circulate, extravasate, and colonize. A full understanding of the complexity of this process has been limited by the lack of ability to study these steps in isolation with detailed molecular analyses. Leveraging a comparative oncology approach, we injected canine osteosarcoma cells into the circulation of transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent blood vessels in a biologically dynamic metastasis extravasation model.

Liquid Biopsy: It's the Bloody Truth!

Liquid biopsy is a promising clinical tool that can provide critical information for prognostication and which may inform treatment decisions in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here we discuss the Foundation Medicine plasma cell-free circulating tumor DNA assay, its pros and cons, and potential clinical utility..

The Effects of Glaucoma Drainage Devices on Oxygen Tension, Glycolytic Metabolites, and Metabolomics Profile of Aqueous Humor in the Rabbit.

Purpose: Glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation can lead to corneal decompensation. We evaluated changes over time in oxygen tension and in the metabolic environment of the aqueous humor after GDD implantation in the rabbit eye.

Methods: Ahmed Glaucoma Valves were implanted in the left eyes of eight male New Zealand white rabbits.

Sinonasal Tract Inflammation as a Precursor to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Chronic inflammation has been described as a precursor to the development of malignancy in several disease states. However, the relationship of sinonasal tract inflammation to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly defined.

Data Sources: Systematic review of primary studies identified through PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane.

The role of radiation therapy in the management of sialorrhea: A systematic review.

Purpose: Up to 80% of patients with Parkinson disease and 30% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suffer from sialorrhea. Patients who fail medical and surgical therapy should be considered for external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). In this study, we conduct a systematic review to determine the dose and techniques used that result in greatest efficacy and lowest toxicity for the administration of EBRT in patients with Parkinson disease or ALS-associated sialorrhea.