Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries.

Background: In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative.

Methods: The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]).

Self-refraction, ready-made glasses and quality of life among rural myopic Chinese children: a non-inferiority randomized trial.

Purpose: To study, for the first time, the effect of wearing ready-made glasses and glasses with power determined by self-refraction on children's quality of life.

Methods: This is a randomized, double-masked non-inferiority trial. Children in grades 7 and 8 (age 12-15 years) in nine Chinese secondary schools, with presenting visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 improved with refraction to ≥6/7.

Novel system for distant assessment of cataract surgical quality in rural China.

Background: This study aims to assess the quality of various steps of manual small incision cataract surgery and predictors of quality, using video recordings.

Design: This paper applies a retrospective study.

Participants: Fifty-two trainees participated in a hands-on small incision cataract surgery training programme at rural Chinese hospitals.

Factors influencing the output of rural cataract surgical facilities in China: the SHARP study.

Purpose: To identify factors associated prospectively with increased cataract surgical rate (CSR) in rural Chinese hospitals.

Methods: Annual cataract surgical output was obtained at baseline and 24 months later from operating room records at 42 rural, county-level hospitals. Total local CSR (cases/million population/y), and proportion of CSR from hospital and local competitors were calculated from government records.

Effect of Ginkgo biloba on visual field and contrast sensitivity in Chinese patients with normal tension glaucoma: a randomized, crossover clinical trial.

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of ginkgo biloba extract on visual field defect and contrast sensitivity in a Chinese cohort with normal tension glaucoma.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study, patients newly diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, either in a tertiary glaucoma clinic (n = 5) or in a cohort undergoing routine general physical examinations in a primary care clinic (n = 30), underwent two 4-week phases of treatment, separated by a washout period of 8 weeks. Randomization determined whether ginkgo biloba extract (40 mg, 3 times per day) or placebo (identical-appearing tablets) was received first.

Age-related prevalence and met need for correctable and uncorrectable near vision impairment in a multi-country study.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence, potential determinants, and proportion of met need for near vision impairment (NVI) correctable with refraction approximately 2 years after initial examination of a multi-country cohort.

Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study.

Participants: People aged ≥35 years examined at baseline in semi-rural (Shunyi) and urban (Guangzhou) sites in China; rural sites in Nepal (Kaski), India (Madurai), and Niger (Dosso); a semi-urban site (Durban) in South Africa; and an urban site (Los Angeles) in the United States.

Outcomes and projected impact on vision restoration of the China Million Cataract Surgeries Program.

Purpose: The recently completed Chinese "Million Cataract Surgeries Program" (MCSP) is among the largest such campaigns ever, providing 1.05 million operations. We report MCSP outcomes for the first time, in Jiangxi, the province with the greatest program output.

Causes and five-year incidence of blindness and visual impairment in urban Southern China: the Liwan Eye Study.

Purpose: We determined the causes and five-year incidence of blindness and visual impairment (VI) in an adult, urban Chinese population.

Methods: Participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination at baseline in 2003 and then five years later. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United States (US) definitions were used to define incident blindness (WHO visual acuity [VA] < 20/400 in the better-seeing eye, US VA ≤ 20/200) and incident VI (WHO VA < 20/60-20/400, US VA < 20/40->20/200).

Perceived difficulty of various steps of manual small incision cataract surgery among trainees in rural China.

Background: The perceived difficulty of steps of manual small incision cataract surgery among trainees in rural China was assessed.

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: Fifty-two trainees at the end of a manual small incision cataract surgery training programme.

Five-year incidence and postoperative visual outcome of cataract surgery in urban southern China: the Liwan Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the 5-year incidence and visual outcome of cataract surgery in an adult urban Chinese population.

Methods: A comprehensive eye examination was performed at baseline and 5 years later on subjects participating in a population-based study. Incident cataract surgery was defined as having undergone surgery in either eye during the 5-year period.

Visual outcomes of cataract surgery performed by supervised novice surgeons during training in rural China.

Background: To assess the outcomes of cataract surgery performed by novice surgeons during training in a rural programme. DESIGN : Retrospective study.

Participants: Three hundred thirty-four patients operated by two trainees under supervision at rural Chinese county hospitals.

Determinants and two-year change in anterior chamber angle width in a Chinese population.

Objective: To study the population distribution and longitudinal changes in anterior chamber angle width and its determinants among Chinese adults.

Design: Prospective cohort, population-based study.

Participants: Persons aged 35 years or more residing in Guangzhou, China, who had not previously undergone incisional or laser eye surgery.

Phacoemulsification combined with posterior capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy in the management of malignant glaucoma in phakic eyes.

Purpose:   To describe sequential phacoemulsification-intraocular lens (IOL) implantation-posterior capsulorhexis-anterior vitrectomy in the management of phakic malignant glaucoma.

Methods:   Twenty consecutive patients (25 eyes) with phakic malignant glaucoma were enrolled at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. All patients underwent phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and posterior capsulorhexis together with anterior vitrectomy via a clear corneal paracentesis.

Comparison of anterior ocular biometry between optical low-coherence reflectometry and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in an adult Chinese population.

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for biometry of the anterior segment.

Setting: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic technology.

A study of initial therapy for glaucoma in southern India: India Glaucoma Outcomes and Treatment (INGOT) Study.

Purpose: To compare initial glaucoma therapy with medications and trabeculectomy in southern India.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 30 years newly diagnosed with glaucoma were randomized to trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil or medical therapy. Subjects with best-corrected vision <6/18 due to cataract underwent phacoemulsification (phaco/intraocular lens, IOL).

Contribution of genetic and environmental effects on lens thickness: the Guangzhou Twin Eye study.

Purpose: This study investigated the heritability of lens thickness (LT) and relative lens thickness (LT/axial length, rLT) measured by Lenstar among Chinese children and adolescents in the Guangzhou Twin Eye study.

Methods: Twins aged 8 to 22 years were enrolled from the Guangzhou Twin Registry. A series of LT and axial length (AL) measurements using the Lenstar were taken for each twin.

The value of tests in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess the noneconomic value of tests used in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma, and explore the contexts and factors that determine such value.

Design: Perspective.

Methods: Selected articles from primary and secondary sources were reviewed and interpreted in the context of the authors' clinical and research experience, influenced by our perspectives on the tasks of reducing the global problem of irreversible blindness caused by glaucoma.

Endothelial cell loss and surgically induced astigmatism after sutureless large-incision manual cataract extraction (SLIMCE).

Objectives: To describe a modified manual cataract extraction technique, sutureless large-incision manual cataract extraction (SLIMCE), and to report its clinical outcomes.

Methods: Case notes of 50 consecutive patients with cataract surgery performed using the SLIMCE technique were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes 3 months after surgery were analyzed, including postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications, endothelial cell loss, and surgically induced astigmatism using the vector analysis method.

Outcomes of surgical bleb revision for complications of trabeculectomy.

Objective: To describe the results of revision surgery for complications of trabeculectomy in a case series from an academic glaucoma service.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: A total of 177 eyes of 167 adult patients who underwent revision of trabeculectomy at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 1994 and 2007.

Dark room provocative test and extent of angle closure: an anterior segment OCT study.

Purpose: To clarify the risk parameters measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for elevated intraocular pressures (IOP) provoked by the darkroom test and to provide recommendations for its clinical usage.

Methods: Subjects aged >40 years and whose peripheral anterior chambers were ≤1/4 corneal thickness were recruited. The anterior segment of the eye was imaged in sitting position and under both light and dark conditions and biometry was performed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.