Broiler Chicken Behavior and Activity Are Affected by Novel Flooring Treatments.

The objective was to determine broiler chicken behavioral differences in response to novel flooring treatments. Broilers ( = 182) were housed in 14 pens (a random subset from a larger-scale study including 42 pens), with 13 birds/pen. One of seven flooring treatments were randomly allocated to 14 pens (2 pens per treatment).

Remedying Contact Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens with Novel Flooring Treatments.

Contact dermatitis (footpad dermatitis (FPD), hock burns, and breast dermatitis) is a welfare issue for broiler chickens, causing pain and behavioral restrictions. Once lesions develop, often nothing is done to remedy the issue for the affected flock. Our objective was to evaluate novel flooring treatments at the flock level by providing preventative and remedial treatments against contact dermatitis, plumage soiling, and gait impairment.

Violence as a health disparity: Adolescents' perceptions of violence depicted through photovoice.

Violence is a public health issue that disproportionately affects adolescents from historically marginalized communities. In response to growing concerns of local violence, our community-academic partnership explored adolescents' perspectives about violence, including perceptions of its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. Ten adolescents participated in a 12-week photovoice project.

Residents' Preferences and Performance of Three Techniques for Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Cannulation After Simulation Training.

Background: Obtaining central venous cannulation of the internal jugular vein is an important skill for physicians to master. To our knowledge, no studies to date have examined residents' preferences or the safety of the oblique approach compared to other approaches. This study compared medical residents' preferences for and performance of ultrasound-guided central venous access using the transverse, longitudinal, and oblique approaches.

Control of appetite, blood glucose, and blood pressure during melanocortin-4 receptor activation in normoglycemic and diabetic NPY-deficient mice.

Although central melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) blockade abolishes the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated anorexogenic, antidiabetic, and cardiovascular actions of leptin, chronic MC4R stimulation fails to completely mimic the effects of leptin. Because neuropeptide Y (NPY) and MC4R exert opposite effects on cardiovascular and metabolic functions, we tested the role of NPY in offsetting the long-term actions of MC4R activation. Wild-type (WT) and NPY-deficient (NPY) mice were implanted with telemetry probes for measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) 24 h/day.

Simulation-Based Education Enhances Patient Safety Behaviors During Central Venous Catheter Placement.

Objective: We describe the effect of simulation-based education on residents' adherence to protocols for and performance of central venous access.

Methods: Internal medicine and emergency medicine residents underwent a central venous access course that included a lecture, video presentation, readings, and simulation demonstrations presented by faculty. Baseline data were collected before the course was initiated.

Regulation of Blood Pressure, Appetite, and Glucose by Leptin After Inactivation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Signaling in the Entire Brain or in Proopiomelanocortin Neurons.

Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is one of the 3 major leptin receptor signaling pathways, but its role in mediating the chronic effects of leptin on blood pressure, food intake, and glucose regulation is unclear. We tested whether genetic inactivation of IRS2 in the entire brain (IRS2/Nestin-cre mice) or specifically in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons (IRS2/POMC-cre mice) attenuates the chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and antidiabetic effects of leptin. Mice were instrumented with telemetry probes for measurement of blood pressure and heart rate and with venous catheters for intravenous infusions.

A functional melanocortin system may be required for chronic CNS-mediated antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin.

Objective: We recently showed that leptin has powerful central nervous system (CNS)-mediated antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions. This study tested whether the CNS melanocortin system mediates these actions of leptin in diabetic rats.

Research Design And Methods: A cannula was placed in the lateral ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats for intracerebroventricular infusions, and arterial and venous catheters were implanted to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate 24 h/day and for intravenous infusions.