Prevalence of adults with stimulant misuse and/or stimulant use disorder in Massachusetts, USA, 2014-2021.

Background And Aims: Stimulant-involved overdose deaths are increasing throughout the United States. Because stimulant misuse (i.e.

Massachusetts Prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder Estimation Revisited: Comparing a Bayesian Approach to Standard Capture-Recapture Methods.

Background: The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among the civilian, noninstitutionalized people aged 12 years or older in Massachusetts as 1.2% between 2015 and 2017. Accurate estimation of the prevalence of OUD is critical to the success of treatment and resource planning.

Dynamic Interdependence of Advice Seeking, Loaning, and Recovery Characteristics in Recovery Homes.

Recovery homes in the US provide stable housing for over 200,000 individuals with past histories of homelessness, psychiatric co-morbidity and criminal justice involvement. We need to know more about how these settings help those remain in recovery. Our study measured advice seeking and willingness-to-loan relationships and operationalized them as a dynamic multiplex social network-multiple, simultaneous interdependent relationships--that exist within 42 Oxford House recovery homes over time.

Opioid Use Disorder Among Ohio's Medicaid Population: Prevalence Estimates From 19 Counties Using a Multiplier Method.

The decades-long overdose epidemic in the United States is driven by opioid misuse. Overdoses commonly, although not exclusively, occur in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). To allocate adequate resources and develop appropriately scaled public health responses, accurate estimation of the prevalence of OUD is needed.

Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index.

Objective: To describe the development of an area-level measure of children's opportunity, the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI).

Data Sources/study Setting: Secondary data were collected from US census based-American Community Survey (ACS), US Environmental Protection Agency, US Housing and Urban Development, Ohio Vital Statistics, US Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service, Ohio State University Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, Ohio Incident Based Reporting System, IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System, and Ohio Department of Medicaid. Data were aggregated to census tracts across two time periods.

Developing Dashboards to Address Children's Health Disparities in Ohio.

Objectives: Social determinants of health (SDoH) can be measured at the geographic level to convey information about neighborhood deprivation. The Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI) is a composite area-level opportunity index comprised of eight health domains. Our research team has documented the design, development, and use cases of a dashboard solution to visualize OCOI.

Examining differences in retention on medication for opioid use disorder: An analysis of Ohio Medicaid data.

Background: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs), including methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone, are associated with lower death rates and improved quality of life for people in recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD). Less is known about each MOUD modality's association with treatment retention and the contribution of behavioral health therapy (BHT). The objectives of the current study were to estimate the association between MOUD type and treatment retention and determine whether BHT was associated with length of time retained.

Resident interactions when affirming and correcting peers in a therapeutic community for women.

Purpose –: While recent years have seen a number of studies of social networks in therapeutic communities (TCs) and other residential settings, these have primarily focused on male residents. This paper aims to conduct a longitudinal social network analysis of interpersonal interactions in a TC for women.

Design/methodology/approach –: The data consists of a longitudinal directed social network of instances of feedback between 56 residents of a 16 bed TC for women over a period of 611 days.

Difference in Response to Feedback and Gender in Three Therapeutic Community Units.

Therapeutic communities (TCs) for substance abuse incorporate a system of peer feedback through written affirmations and corrections. Previous research has found that TC residents show a response to affirmations that is detectable for roughly 8 weeks, with response to corrections being of shorter duration and weaker overall. It is not clear whether and to what extent response to feedback in TCs varies between men and women.

Geographic isolation predicts tobacco product use among youth: A latent class analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate associations between geographic rurality and tobacco use patterns among adolescents.

Methods: High school students (N = 566) from north-central Appalachia reported on their lifetime and/or current use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), cigars, and smokeless tobacco. Geographic rurality was measured via the Isolation scale, whereby residential ZIP Codes determined the degree to which respondents have access to health-related resources.

How should we define "rural" when investigating rural tobacco use in the United States?

Investigations into rural tobacco-related disparities in the U.S. are hampered by the lack of a standardized approach for identifying the rurality-and, consequently, the urbanicity-of an area.

Network measures of advice-seeking and resource sharing are related to well-being in recovery homes.

Background: There is a need to better understand the extent to which social capital (reflected in social networks tapping friendship, financial support, advice/informational support) can aid recovery for those residents living in abstinence-based recovery homes.

Methods: Social network characteristics of 42 recovery homes (Oxford Houses) were examined, including friendship, willingness to loan money, and advice-seeking to assess the extent to which house network patterns were related to house-level resident measures of proximal recovery outcomes of well-being (e.g.

An Empirically-based Theory of the Relationships Among Social Embeddedness, Economic Viability, Learned Recovery Skills and Perceived Quality of Life in Recovery Homes.

Key characteristics of recovery homes include governance style (which can play a central role in structuring recovery mechanisms), social embeddedness (e.g., social relationships within the home), economic viability (e.

Building the community: Endogenous network formation, homophily and prosocial sorting among therapeutic community residents.

Background: Researchers have begun to consider the ways in which social networks influence therapeutic community (TC) treatment outcomes. However, there are few studies of the way in which the social networks of TC residents develop over the course of treatment.

Methodology: We used a Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model (TERGM) to analyze changes in social networks totaling 320,387 peer affirmations exchanged between residents in three correctional TCs, one of which serves men and two of which serve both men and women.

A promising recovery housing model for American Indian communities.

In 2016, two Oxford House (OH) recovery homes were established for the Suquamish Tribal reservation. A group of researchers interviewed house members and key individuals responsible for the creation of these two unique OHs. Because American Indians are an at-risk population for substance use disorders, our study explored whether an OH-type recovery home model could be successfully adapted to this population, given the specific nature of tribal cultures.

The impact of geographic isolation on mental disability in the United States.

Geographic isolation has long been hypothesized to have a role in the origins and development of mental disabilities. A considerable body of research has established such a correlation. However, study designs have limited researchers' ability to establish a causal connection and rule out rival hypotheses.

Quality of life as a predictor of social relationships in Oxford House.

Improved access to housing and recovery support is a low-cost, high-potential opportunity to help people recovering from alcohol and substance use sustain their recoveries. Oxford House (OH) recovery homes represent a recovery-favorable social environment for at least some people, but it is still unclear which resident characteristics and relational dynamics affect the social integration of residents. In the current study, OH residents in three geographic locations completed a social network instrument and self-rated their quality of life (QOL).

Smoking prevalence and trends among a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age in rural versus urban settings.

U.S. smoking prevalence is declining at a slower rate in rural than urban settings and contributing to regional health disparities.

Regional Rural-Urban Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Reasons for Use in the United States.

Purpose: To determine whether there are rural/urban differences in e-cigarette use and reasons for use that vary across the 10 Health & Human Services (HHS) regions.

Methods: Age-adjusted bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted for n = 225,413 respondents to the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use. Reasons for e-cigarette use were collected from n = 16,023 self-respondents who reported ever using e-cigarettes.

Tobacco Product Harm Perceptions and New Use.

Unlabelled: : media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505 BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products.

Methods: Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013-2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12-17 years of age; = 10 081).

Quitting Behaviors Among Dual Cigarette and E-Cigarette Users and Cigarette Smokers Enrolled in the Tobacco User Adult Cohort.

Purpose: We examined quitting behaviors among a cohort of dual users (cigarettes and electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes]) and exclusive cigarette smokers for: (1) cigarette smoking reduction, (2) quit attempts, (3) abstinence from cigarettes, and (4) abstinence from all tobacco products.

Methods: Participants enrolled in the Tobacco User Adult Cohort and categorized as "daily" user of cigarettes and "daily" or "some days per week" use of e-cigarettes (ie, dual users; n = 88) or "daily" user of cigarettes only (ie, cigarette smokers; n = 617) served as the analytic sample. Participants were interviewed face to face every 6 months, through 18 months.

Variations in support for secondhand smoke restrictions across diverse rural regions of the United States.

Unlabelled: Significant disparities exist between rural-urban U.S.

Populations: Besides higher smoking rates, rural Americans are less likely to be protected from SHS.