Recurrence in lobular carcinoma of the breast: A 14-year review.

Introduction: The two most common types of breast cancer are invasive or infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive or infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) (Pestalozzi et al., J. Clin.

Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived nerve growth factor regulates sympathetic collateral branching to innervate blood vessels in embryonic skin.

Blood vessels serve as intermediate conduits for the extension of sympathetic axons towards target tissues, while also acting as crucial targets for their homeostatic processes encompassing the regulation of temperature, blood pressure, and oxygen availability. How sympathetic axons innervate not only blood vessels but also a wide array of target tissues is not clear. Here we show that in embryonic skin, after the establishment of co-branching between sensory nerves and blood vessels, sympathetic axons invade the skin alongside these sensory nerves and extend their branches towards these blood vessels covered by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

The role of genes and environment in the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernias.

Structural birth defects are a common cause of abnormalities in newborns. While there are cases of structural birth defects arising due to monogenic defects or environmental exposures, many birth defects are likely caused by a complex interaction between genes and the environment. A structural birth defect with complex etiology is congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH), a common and often lethal disruption in diaphragm development.

Alterations in the spatiotemporal expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in endothelial cells cause failure of hierarchical vascular branching.

The C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 play an important role in organ-specific vascular branching morphogenesis. CXCR4 is preferentially expressed by arterial endothelial cells, and local secretion of CXCL12 determines the organotypic pattern of CXCR4 arterial branching. Previous loss-of-function studies clearly demonstrated that CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling is necessary for proper arterial branching in the developing organs such as the skin and heart.

Multigenerational and Transgenerational Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Endocrine Disruptors in an Estuarine Fish Model.

Many pollutants cause endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms. While studies of the direct effects of toxicants on exposed organisms are commonplace, little is known about the potential for toxicant exposures in a parental (F0) generation to affect unexposed F1 or F2 generations (multigenerational and transgenerational effects, respectively), particularly in estuarine fishes. To investigate this possibility, we exposed inland silversides () to environmentally relevant (low ng/L) concentrations of ethinylestradiol, bifenthrin, trenbolone, and levonorgestrel from 8 hpf to 21 dph.

Humicola sp. as a Cause of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis.

Peritoneal dialysis is the renal replacement modality used by ∼20% of patients with end-stage kidney disease (S. McDonald, P. Clayton, and K.

Beneficial effects of accurate and false brief biofeedback on relaxation.

Much research has focused on the efficacy of biofeedback therapy; however, previous studies only compared biofeedback treatment with no-treatment conditions or pre- and posttest data. Examination of biofeedback relaxation therapy with a false-feedback condition could produce data on physiological changes suitable to clarify findings. 63 participants were randomly assigned to either an accurate- or false-feedback condition for a 5-min.