Characterizing the Impacts of 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Using New York State Mesonet Data.

On 8 April 2024, a rare total solar eclipse (TSE) passed over western New York State (NYS), the first since 1925 and the last one until 2079. The NYS Mesonet (NYSM) consisting of 126 weather stations with 55 on the totality path provides unprecedented surface, profile, and flux data and camera images during the TSE. Here we use NYSM observations to characterize the TSE's impacts at the surface, in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and on surface fluxes and CO concentrations.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a retrospective pathway assessment in a regional cancer centre.

Background: The optimal care pathway (OCP) for people with breast cancer provides a framework for investigation and management of patients with breast cancer, with delays previously identified regionally.

Aim: With emphasis on the neoadjuvant pathway, the primary aim of this study was to assess the practicality of implementing the breast cancer OCP timeframes regionally in comparison to nationally referenced standards.

Methods: A retrospective institutional audit was performed for patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Uptake in People with Diabetes in Australia.

This study explored vaccination hesitancy, diabetes-specific COVID-19 vaccination concerns, and whether they predicted vaccination uptake in people with diabetes. Quantitative, cross-sectional, and predictive approaches were used. An online survey was conducted with people with diabetes attending four Australian health services, using convenience sampling ( = 842).

COVID-19 Vaccine Status, Intent, Hesitancy, and Disease-Related Beliefs in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are susceptible to severe COVID-19 outcomes. They were included as a priority group for the Australian COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in early 2021. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a complex barrier to vaccination in this population group, which may be partly related to disease relapse concerns following COVID-19 vaccination.

Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Serious Chronic Illnesses during the Initial Australian Vaccine Rollout: A Multi-Centre Qualitative Analysis Using the Health Belief Model.

: People with chronic illnesses have increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The influence of a person's serious and/or comorbid chronic illness on COVID-19 vaccine uptake is not well understood. : To undertake an in-depth exploration of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among those with various serious and/or chronic diseases in the Australian context, using secondary data analysis of a survey study.

Minimal residual disease in -mutant non-small-cell lung cancer.

Targeted therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an effective treatment for mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however most patients invariably relapse after a period of minimal residual disease (MRD). This mini-review explores the mechanistic pathways leading to tumour dormancy, cellular senescence and epigenetic changes involving YAP/TEAD activation. We describe the various approaches of utilising TKIs in combination with agents to intensify initial depth of response, enhance apoptosis and target senescence-like dormancy.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Australian Patients with Solid Organ Cancers.

Background: Vaccination is the cornerstone of the global public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Excess morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection is seen in people with cancer. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been observed in this medically vulnerable population, although associated attitudes and beliefs remain poorly understood.

Serious Underlying Medical Conditions and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis from Australia.

As COVID-19 vaccinations became available and were proven effective in preventing serious infection, uptake amongst individuals varied, including in medically vulnerable populations. This cross-sectional multi-site study examined vaccine uptake, hesitancy, and explanatory factors amongst people with serious and/or chronic health conditions, including the impact of underlying disease on attitudes to vaccination. A 42-item survey was distributed to people with cancer, diabetes, or multiple sclerosis across ten Australian health services from 30 June to 5 October 2021.

The Disease Influenced Vaccine Acceptance Scale-Six (DIVAS-6): Validation of a Measure to Assess Disease-Related COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes and Concerns.

Patients with underlying comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the context-specific nature of vaccine hesitancy, there are currently no scales that incorporate disease or treatment-related hesitancy factors. We developed a six-item scale assessing disease-related COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and concerns (The Disease Influenced COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Scale-Six: DIVAS-6).

COVID-19 vaccination rates, intent, and hesitancy in patients with solid organ and blood cancers: A multicenter study.

Introduction: People with cancer are at higher risk of serious illness and death from COVID-19 infection. We investigated COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with solid organ and blood cancers and explored factors related to hesitancy.

Methods: Cross-sectional online survey of adults with a history of cancer at three health services across metropolitan and regional Victoria.

EPHA4-FC TREATMENT REDUCES ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION-INDUCED INTESTINAL INJURY BY INHIBITING VASCULAR PERMEABILITY.

The inflammatory response is characterized by increased endothelial permeability, which permits the passage of fluid and inflammatory cells into interstitial spaces. The Eph/ephrin receptor ligand system plays a role in inflammation through a signaling cascade, which modifies Rho-GTPase activity. We hypothesized that blocking Eph/ephrin signaling using an EphA4-Fc would result in decreased inflammation and tissue injury in a model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

The p66(Shc) adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response in early bovine embryos.

The in vitro production of mammalian embryos suffers from high frequencies of developmental failure due to excessive levels of permanent embryo arrest and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. The p66Shc stress adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response of somatic cells by regulating intracellular ROS levels through multiple pathways, including mitochondrial ROS generation and the repression of antioxidant gene expression. We have previously demonstrated a strong relationship with elevated p66Shc levels, reduced antioxidant levels and greater intracellular ROS generation with the high incidence of permanent cell cycle arrest of 2-4 cell embryos cultured under high oxygen tensions or after oxidant treatment.

Elevated p66Shc is associated with intracellular redox imbalance in developmentally compromised bovine embryos.

The in vitro production of mammalian embryos suffers from low efficiency, with 50-70% of all fertilized oocytes failing to develop to the blastocyst stage. This high rate of developmental failure is due, in part, to the effects of oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The p66Shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response by regulating intracellular ROS levels through multiple pathways, including mitochondrial ROS generation and the repression of antioxidants.

The early embryo response to intracellular reactive oxygen species is developmentally regulated.

In vitro embryo production (IVP) suffers from excessive developmental failure. Its inefficiency is linked, in part, to reactive oxygen species (ROS) brought on by high ex vivo oxygen (O(2)) tensions. To further delineate the effects of ROS on IVP, the intracellular ROS levels of early bovine embryos were modulated by: (1) varying O(2) tension; (2) exogenous H(2)O(2) treatment; and (3) antioxidant supplementation.

Hypoxia rescues early mortality conferred by superoxide dismutase deficiency.

Oxidative stress is widely associated with disease and aging but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that the premature mortality of Drosophila deficient in superoxide scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 or SOD2, is rescued by chronic hypoxia. Strikingly, switching moribund SOD2-deficient adults from normoxia into hypoxia abruptly arrests their impending premature mortality and endows the survivors with a near-normal life span.