Concordance Among In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, Trichoscopy, and Histopathology in the Evaluation of Alopecia Areata Incognita.

Objectives: Alopecia areata incognita is a non-scarring autoimmune hair loss condition primarily affecting women aged 20 to 40. It is often misdiagnosed due to its resemblance to other conditions. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, trichoscopic findings, and histological features.

Artificial intelligence algorithms and three-dimensional volumetric rendering for basal cell carcinoma detection and tumour depth assessment in reflectance confocal microscopy-optical coherence tomography images: a pilot study.

The reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) device has shown utility in detecting and assessing the depth of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in vivo but is challenging for novices to interpret. Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to RCM-OCT could aid readers. We trained AI models, using OCT rasters of biopsy-confirmed BCC, to detect BCC, create three-dimensional rendering and automatically measure tumour depth.

Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography: A Non-Invasive Imaging Tool for the Distinction of Nevi and Melanomas.

Along with the rising melanoma incidence in recent decades and bad prognoses resulting from late diagnoses, distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions has become essential. Unclear cases may require the aid of non-invasive imaging to reduce unnecessary biopsies. This multicentric, case-control study evaluated the potential of dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) to identify distinguishing microvascular features in nevi.

Visible characteristics and structural modifications relating to enlarged facial pores.

Background: Many factors relate to enlargement and visibility of facial pores. However, how enlargement relates to modification of the skin structure is still poorly analysed. Therefore, our aim was to characterise the visible features and the micro-environment of facial pores.

Reflectance confocal microscopy in actinic keratosis-Comparison of efficacy between cryotherapy protocols.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) incidence is increasing. Due to the risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, early detection and treatment are essential. The method stated in the European Consensus is cryotherapy, but there is no standard protocol defined for better results.

Concordance among in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy, trichoscopy, and histopathology in the evaluation of scalp discoid lupus.

Background: Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been used for the evaluation of several inflammatory skin conditions, including skin discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), and has been correlated with conventional histopathology (HP). However, RCM is not being widely used in trichology. Few reports and just preliminary data suggest the use of RCM as a complementary tool in alopecias.

The influence of MC1R on dermal morphological features of photo-exposed skin in women revealed by reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography.

Background: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is one of the major determinants of skin pigmentation. It is a highly polymorphic gene and some of its polymorphisms have been related to specific skin phenotypes, increased risk of skin cancers and skin photoageing. Currently, its contribution to changes in dermal features in photo-exposed skin is unknown.

Reflectance confocal microscopy made easy: The 4 must-know key features for the diagnosis of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Background: Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)-based skin cancer diagnosis requires proficiency.

Objective: To identify a short list of key RCM features of skin cancers and test their diagnostic utility.

Methods: We identified key RCM features through consensus among 6 experts using a modified Delphi method.

Lesions Mimicking Melanoma at Dermoscopy Confirmed Basal Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation with Reflectance Confocal Microscopy.

Background: Atypical basal cell carcinoma (BCC), characterized by equivocal dermoscopic features typical of malignant melanoma (MM), can be difficult to diagnose. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) enables in vivo imaging at nearly histological resolution.

Objectives: To evaluate with RCM atypical melanocytic lesions identified in dermoscopy, according to common RCM criteria for the differential diagnosis of BCC, and to identify representative RCM parameters for superficial (sBCCs) and nonsuperficial (nsBCCs) basal cell carcinomas (BCCs).

Resurfacing with Ablation of Periorbital Skin Technique: Indications, Efficacy, Safety, and 3D Assessment from a Pilot Study.

Objectives And Background: Nowadays, several approaches for skin rejuvenation of the lower eyelid are available. We present a new technique of resurfacing with ablation of periorbital skin (RAP) performed in a single session.

Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 20 patients showing skin elastosis with or without evidence of the nasojugal fold and atrophic and dyschromic skin or needing a combined approach of transconjuntival lower blepharoplasty for fat bag removal.

The vascular morphology of melanoma is related to Breslow index: An in vivo study with dynamic optical coherence tomography.

Background: Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which can lead to metastasis development. Vascularization enhancement is fundamental for tumor growth, worsening the prognosis. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) enables the in vivo evaluation of vascular patterns in skin lesions.

Reflectance confocal microscopy features of thin versus thick melanomas.

Background: In-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) plays an increasingly important role in differential diagnosis of melanoma. The aim of the study was to assess typical confocal features of thin (≤1 mm according to Breslow index) versus thick (>1mm) melanomas.

Methods: Thirty patients with histopathologically confirmed cutaneous melanoma were included in the study.

Folliculotropism in pigmented facial macules: Differential diagnosis with reflectance confocal microscopy.

Pigmented facial macules are common on sun damage skin. The diagnosis of early stage lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) is challenging. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been proven to increase diagnostic accuracy of facial lesions.

In vivo differentiation of common basal cell carcinoma subtypes by microvascular and structural imaging using dynamic optical coherence tomography.

The subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) influences the choice of treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging tool, and a recent development of an angiographic version of OCT has extended the application of OCT to image the cutaneous microvasculature (so-called dynamic OCT, D-OCT). This study explores D-OCT's ability to differentiate the common BCC subtypes by microvascular and structural imaging.

Superiority of a vitamin B-containing emollient compared to a standard emollient in the maintenance treatment of mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2%-3% of the population. The wide range of drugs currently available for its treatment could be associated, in the long term, with organ toxicity and adverse events, thus, clinical monitoring throughout treatment is required. This investigator-initiated trial (IIT) evaluated the efficacy and the safety of a vitamin B-containing ointment in comparison with glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream used twice a day to treat mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis for a period over 12 weeks followed by a wash-out observation period of 4 weeks.

Imaging Blood Vessel Morphology in Skin: Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography as a Novel Potential Diagnostic Tool in Dermatology.

Conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables the visualization of morphological changes of skin cancer. The use of OCT in the diagnostic investigation and in the therapy decision of non-melanoma skin cancer and other skin changes is already established, and has found its way into routine practice. With the development of speckle-variance OCT, also named dynamic OCT (D-OCT), the vascular architecture and the blood flow of the skin can be displayed in vivo and in 3D.

Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography in Dermatology.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) represents a non-invasive imaging technology, which may be applied to the diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and which has recently been shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy of basal cell carcinoma. Technical developments of OCT continue to expand the applicability of OCT for different neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. Of these, dynamic OCT (D-OCT) based on speckle variance OCT is of special interest as it allows the in vivo evaluation of blood vessels and their distribution within specific lesions, providing additional functional information and consequently greater density of data.