Optic neuritis in Asian type opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS-ON) in a non-Asian population: A functional-structural paradox.

Background: Biomarkers have improved the classification of autoimmune inflammatory disorders, including optic neuritis (ON) as a frequent presentation of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis spectrum disorders, MOG antibody-related disease (MOGAD), and opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS). The phenotype of OSMS in non-Asian populations is less well known.

Objective: We investigated the clinical features and prognosis of OSMS-ON in a Brazilian cohort.

Is Asian type MS an MS phenotype, an NMO spectrum disorder, or a MOG-IgG related disease?

Background: A specific particularity of neurological diseases in Asia is the relative commonality of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and Asian type MS (OSMS). Both conditions also occur in South American patients. The Brazilian population differs from the European and the Asian populations due to the mixture of ancestralities between European colonizers and African slaves.

A 30 s test for quantitative assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD): the infrared pupillary asymmetry (IPA).

Background: Detection of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) by the swinging-light test can be challenging in clinical practice (dark eyes, anisocoria, dark environment). We developed a new method of RAPD quantification based on the recording of the infrared pupillary asymmetry (IPA) with a standard optical coherence tomography (OCT) device.

Methods: The diagnostic value of the IPA for detection of the RAPD was determined by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC).