Hydrogen Bonding-Reinforced Hydrogel Electrolyte for Flexible, Robust, and All-in-One Supercapacitor with Excellent Low-Temperature Tolerance.

Flexible supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices for emerging wearable electronics. However, due to the poor mechanical strength, complicated device manufacturing process, and unsatisfactory low-temperature tolerance, their overall performance for practical applications is hindered. Herein, we report a hydrogen bonding-reinforced, dual-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), acrylic acid, and HSO (PVA-AA-S) hydrogel electrolyte for all-in-one flexible supercapacitors.