Circulating Amino Acid Concentration after the Consumption of Pea or Whey Proteins in Young and Older Adults Affects Protein Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes.

As older adults tend to reduce their intake of animal-source proteins, plant-source proteins may offer valuable resources for better protein intake. The aim of this study was to assess whether the pea proteins can be used to achieve blood amino acid levels that stimulate muscle protein synthesis. We measured variations in plasma amino acid concentrations in young and older adults given pea (NUTRALYS S85 Plus) or whey proteins either alone or in a standardized meal.

Relationship between energetic gap and sensitivity to anti-programmed cell death 1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients: The ELY-2 study.

Background & Aims: We previously reported in the ELY prospective study that increased resting energy expenditure (REE) - so-called hypermetabolism - worsened tumor response, 6-month progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we investigated the effect of caloric coverage on the sensitivity to ICI.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed a multicentric database of mNSCLC patients treated with ICI.

Gut microbiome alterations at acute myeloid leukemia diagnosis are associated with muscle weakness and anorexia.

The gut microbiota makes critical contributions to host homeostasis, and its role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has attracted attention. We investigated whether the gut microbiome is affected by AML, and whether such changes are associated with hallmarks of cachexia. Biological samples and clinical data were collected from 30 antibiotic- free AML patients at diagnosis and matched volunteers (1:1) in a multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective study.

Simultaneous pharmacokinetic modeling of unbound and total darunavir with ritonavir in adolescents: a substudy of the SMILE trial.

Darunavir (DRV) is an HIV protease inhibitor commonly used as part of antiretroviral treatment regimens globally for children and adolescents. It requires a pharmacological booster, such as ritonavir (RTV) or cobicistat. To better understand the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DRV in this younger population and the importance of the RTV boosting effect, a population PK substudy was conducted within SMILE trial, where the maintenance of HIV suppression with once daily integrate inhibitor + darunavir/ritonavir in children and adolescents is evaluated.

[Pernicious anemia with false normal vitamin B12 levels caused by intrinsic factor antibodies interference: a case report].

We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a fortuitous discovery of macrocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were normal. However, due to the presence of indirect signs of cobalamin deficiency, such as elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, and signs of dyserythropoiesis on the bone marrow aspirate, pernicious anemia was suspected.

Four-week administration of an energy and protein dense oral nutritional supplement improves micronutrient concentrations but does not completely correct deficiencies in institutionalized malnourished older adults.

Introduction: Poor food intake is common among elderly living in nursing homes, leading to micronutrient deficiency (MD). There are no recommendations for the management of MD in malnourished older adults.

Methods: We conducted a single arm, open-label, multicenter interventional study in institutionalized malnourished older adults to describe the effect of a 4-week daily energy and protein dense oral nutritional supplementation (ONS, 600 kcal, 30 g protein per unit) containing 50% of the recommended daily micronutrient intake on micronutrient status.

Gut microbiota alterations induced by intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia patients are associated with gut barrier dysfunction and body weight loss.

Background & Aims: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) chemotherapy has been reported to impact gut microbiota composition. In this study, we investigated using a multi -omics strategy the changes in the gut microbiome induced by AML intense therapy and their association with gut barrier function and cachectic hallmarks.

Methods: 10 AML patients, allocated to standard induction chemotherapy (SIC), were recruited.

Combined germline and somatic human FADD mutations cause autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.

Background: The autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a noninfectious and nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disease frequently associated with autoimmune cytopenia resulting from defective FAS signaling. We previously described germline monoallelic FAS (TNFRSF6) haploinsufficient mutations associated with somatic events, such as loss of heterozygosity on the second allele of FAS, as a cause of ALPS-FAS. These somatic events were identified by sequencing FAS in DNA from double-negative (DN) T cells, the pathognomonic T-cell subset in ALPS, in which the somatic events accumulated.

NBEAL2 deficiency in humans leads to low CTLA-4 expression in activated conventional T cells.

Loss of NBEAL2 function leads to grey platelet syndrome (GPS), a bleeding disorder characterized by macro-thrombocytopenia and α-granule-deficient platelets. A proportion of patients with GPS develop autoimmunity through an unknown mechanism, which might be related to the proteins NBEAL2 interacts with, specifically in immune cells. Here we show a comprehensive interactome of NBEAL2 in primary T cells, based on mass spectrometry identification of altogether 74 protein association partners.

Vitamin C levels in a Central-African mother-infant cohort: Does hypovitaminosis C increase the risk of enteric infections?

In the MITICA (Mother-to-Infant TransmIssion of microbiota in Central-Africa) study, 48 mothers and their 50 infants were followed from delivery to 6 months between December 2017 and June 2019 in Bangui (Central-African Republic). Blood tests and stool analyses were performed in mothers at delivery, and their offspring at birth, 11 weeks and 25 weeks. Stool cultures were performed in specific growth media for Salmonella, Shigella, E.

Induced forms of α-macroglobulin neutralize heparin and direct oral anticoagulant effects.

Alpha-macroglobulin (αM) is a physiological macromolecule that facilitates the clearance of many proteinases, cytokines and growth factors in human. Here, we explored the effect of induced forms of αM on anticoagulant drugs. Gla-domainless factor Xa (GDFXa) and methylamine (MA)-induced αM were prepared and characterized by electrophoresis, immunonephelometry, chromogenic, clot waveform and rotational thromboelastometry assays.

Combined effect of citrulline and lactoserum on amino acid availability in aged rats.

Objective: Age-associated sarcopenia is due to anabolic resistance to feeding. Muscle protein synthesis is improved by fast proteins (e.g.

Dose-dependent beneficial effects of citrulline supplementation in short bowel syndrome in rats.

Objectives: Supplementing diet with citrulline has proved an efficient means of preserving nitrogen balance and improving nutritional status after massive intestinal resection. The aim of this study was to model the action of citrulline in gut-resected rats using a dose-ranging study focused on skeletal muscle nitrogen homeostasis.

Methods: Forty-six rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: citrulline 0.

Behaviour of plasma citrulline after bariatric surgery in the BARIASPERM cohort.

Background: Plasma citrulline is currently used in clinical practice as a marker of small bowel functional mass. Behaviour of plasma citrulline after bariatric surgery and its link with post-operative outcome are still poorly understood.

Objective: Primary objective was to compare plasma citrulline 12 months after two types of bariatric surgery with pre-operative concentrations.

Creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio and bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessement of low lean body mass in cancer patients: Comparison to L3-computed tomography scan.

Objectives: Lean body mass (LBM) is an important prognostic factor in patients with cancer. Although the L3-computed tomography (CT) scan is considered a reference method for assessment, a convenient and easily available method for longitudinal follow-up is required. Although bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely used, its accuracy is questioned; plasma creatinine-to-cystatin C (CC) ratio could be an attractive alternative.

Assessment of transthyretin cut-off values for a better screening of malnutrition: Retrospective determination and prospective validation.

The use of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) as a marker of malnutrition and the definition of associated cut-offs are a matter of debate. In order to clarify this issue, we performed a retrospective study and then a prospective validation one. In the first study, data from 23,617 consecutive patients from our University hospital were analysed.

Hypervitaminosis A is associated with immunological non-response in HIV-1-infected adults: a case-control study.

For people living with HIV, determinants of immunological non-response (INR) to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) have not been fully elucidated. In a case-control study, we evaluated the influence of the nutritional and antioxidant status in HIV-1 adults whose cART was initiated between January 2001 and December 2013. Cases had persistent CD4 counts < 350/μL vs.

Lean Body Mass and Endocrine Status But Not Age Are Determinants of Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Cancer and aging are both frequently associated with malnutrition, a factor of poor prognosis. In adult cancer patients, this may be related in part to impaired energy metabolism, with higher than predicted resting energy expenditure (REE) in about 50% of patients. We hypothesized that frequently impaired energy metabolism in elderly patients could potentiate cancer-associated hypermetabolism, further promoting risk of malnutrition.

Is -Carbamoyl Putrescine, the Decarboxylation Derivative of Citrulline, a Regulator of Muscle Protein Metabolism in Rats?

-carbamoyl putrescine (NCP), the decarboxylation derivative of citrulline, metabolically related to polyamines, may exert biological effects in mammals. The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the nutritional properties of NCP in healthy rats and (ii) to determine the effect of NCP administration on muscle metabolism in malnourished old rats. The nutritional properties of NCP were first evaluated in 20 8-week-old male rats randomized to receive for two weeks a standard diet either alone (C group) or supplemented with NCP, 5 or 50 mg/kg/d.

Hypermetabolism is an independent prognostic factor of survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background & Aims: Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the first cause of cancer death worldwide. Increased resting energy expenditure (REE) is frequent among cancer patients and may contribute to cancer cachexia. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of increased REE in metastatic NSCLC patients.

Role of antibiotic use, plasma citrulline and blood microbiome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab.

Background: Recent data suggested a role of gut microbiota and antibiotic use on immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early use of antibiotic (EUA), blood microbiome and plasmatic citrulline (marker of the intestinal barrier) on nivolumab efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We included all consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab in our Department between 2014 and 2017.

Transthyretin for the routine assessment of malnutrition: A clinical dilemma highlighted by an international survey of experts in the field.

The value of transthyretin (TTR) measurement for assessing malnutrition is under debate due to its sensitivity to inflammation and frequent confusion over its meaning (i.e. as a marker of diagnosis, prognosis, or efficacy of refeeding).

Impact of 3-week citrulline supplementation on postprandial protein metabolism in malnourished older patients: The Ciproage randomized controlled trial.

Background: Citrulline (CIT), is not extracted by the splanchnic area, can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and could potentially find clinical applications in conditions involving low amino acid (AA) intake, such as in malnourished older subjects.

Objective: Our purpose was to research the effects of CIT supplementation on protein metabolism in particular on non-oxidative leucine disposal (NOLD, primary endpoint), and splanchnic extraction of amino acids in malnourished older patients.

Design: This prospective randomized multicenter study determined whole-body and liver protein synthesis, splanchnic protein metabolism and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) in 24 malnourished older patients [80-92 years; 18 women and 6 men] in inpatient rehabilitation units.