Structural variants play an important role in evolutionary processes. Besides, they constitute a large source of inter individual genetic variation that might represent a major factor in the aetiology of complex, multifactorial traits. Their importance in adaptation is becoming increasingly evident in literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Creole cattle from Guadeloupe (GUA) are well adapted to the tropical environment. Its admixed genome likely played an important role in such adaptation. Here, we sought to detect genomic signatures of selection in the GUA genome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall ruminants are very affected by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism worldwide. The improvement of the host protective response and the reduction of the probability of contact between hosts and parasites appear as very promising strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of two components of these two strategies on natural GIN infection and production performances of Creole goat kids: dietary supplementation and a rotational mixed grazing system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are an important constraint in small ruminant production. Genetic selection for resistant animals is a potential sustainable control strategy. Advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification of several molecular genetic markers associated with genes affecting economic relevant traits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMixed grazing of breeding goats and cattle (goats to cattle ratio: about 50 %, based on metabolic weight) was monitored for 2 years on a rotational pasture with the two species grazing together, then for 5 years with cattle grazing immediately after goats. For both modalities, the level of goat parasite infection was not significantly different from that of the control groups. Nevertheless, the association allowed a slight improvement in kid growth and goat productivity, probably in relation to a better food quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are one of the major constraints for grazing sheep and goat production worldwide. Genetic selection for resistant animals is a promising control strategy. Whole-transcriptome analysis via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) provides knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for complex traits such as resistance to GIN infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a major constraint for small ruminant production. Due to the rise of anthelmintic resistance throughout the world, alternative control strategies are needed. The development of GIN resistance breeding programs is a promising strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor small ruminants, Gastrointestinal Nematodes (GINs) are responsible for severe economic losses and they are also an animal welfare problem. GIN use their host to reproduce and disperse eggs on the pasture, from where they can re-infect another animal. The high density of hosts on the pasture and the extreme tolerance of GIN to environmental constraints make GIN eradication almost impossible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the humid tropics, small ruminant farmers have to deal with gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes (GIN), among which anthelmintic resistant (AR) populations are rapidly spreading. Although targeted selective treatments (TSTs) are being increasingly used in breeding stock, suppressive drenchings remain the rule in younger animals, for safety and ease of implementation. Until now, the weaned animals are grazed on dedicated plots, making the selection and spread of AR parasites inevitable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of cheap and thermoresistant vaccines in poor tropical countries for the control of animal diseases is a key issue. Our work aimed at designing and validating a process for the large-scale production of a ready-to-use inactivated vaccine for ruminants. Our model was heartwater caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium (ER).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFaecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) were performed on 21 goat farms in Guadeloupe (FWI). Anthelmintic resistance (AR) to netobimin (benzimidazole) was found in all 15 herds in which it was tested. AR to ivermectin (avermectin) and levamisole (imidazothiazole) were also very largely spread (14 out of 17 farms and 7 out of 9 farms, respectively).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall ruminants are affected by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection. A promising alternative strategy for control of GIN infection is to increase the level of resistance in the population by taking advantage of the host's immune response. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and E (IgE) are known to be involved in immune response to GIN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of parasite-specific serum antibodies with the resistance status of Creole kids. The average breeding values on egg output predicted in a context of natural infection at 11 months of age were distant of 1.07 genetic standard deviation between resistant and susceptible animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaemonchus infection was monitored for 2 years (six kidding periods) in a Creole goat flock grazing under oceanic-tropical climate. Two hundred and thirty individual does were involved from late pregnancy to weaning. Anaemia diagnoses using Famacha method and packed cell volume (PCV) were compared.
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