Efficacy of fluid loading as a countermeasure to the hemodynamic and hormonal changes of 28-h head-down bed rest.

After exposure to microgravity, or head-down bed rest (HDBR), fluid loading is often used with the intent of increasing plasma volume and maintaining mean arterial pressure during orthostatic stress. Nine men (aged 18-32 years) underwent three randomized trials with lower body negative pressure (LBNP) before and after: (1) 4-h of sitting with fluid loading (1 g sodium chloride/125 mL of water starting 2.5-h before LBNP), (2) 28-h of 6-degree HDBR without fluid loading, and (3) 28-h of 6-degree HDBR with fluid loading.

Bronchial blocker versus left double-lumen endotracheal tube in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized-controlled trial examining time and quality of lung deflation.

Introduction: Double-lumen endotracheal tubes (DL-ETT) and bronchial blockers (BB) have both been used for lung isolation in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Though not well studied, it is widely thought that a DL-ETT provides faster and better quality lung collapse. The aim of this study was to compare a BB technique vs a left-sided DL-ETT strategy with regard to the time and quality of lung collapse during one-lung ventilation (OLV) for elective VATS.

Influence of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on frontal lobe oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with diabetes.

Objective: Although utilization of vasopressors recently has been associated with reduced cerebral oxygenation, the influence of vasopressors on cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with diabetes is unknown. The aim of this study was to document the impact of norepinephrine and phenylephrine utilization on cerebral oxygenation in patients with and without diabetes during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Design: Prospective, clinical study.

Influences of spinal anesthesia on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale: Lower limb muscle dysfunction contributes to exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that signaling from lower limb muscle group III/IV sensory afferents to the central motor command could be involved in premature cycling exercise termination in COPD.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of spinal anesthesia, which presumably inhibited central feedback from the lower limb muscle group III/IV sensory afferents on exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory response during constant work-rate cycling exercise in patients with COPD.

High frequency ventilation combined with spontaneous breathing during bronchopleural fistula repair: a case report.

Purpose: We report the addition of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), combined with spontaneous breathing under general anesthesia, during an uncommon technique to occlude a late post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula.

Clinical Features: A 41-year-old woman underwent an extended right pneumonectomy with chest wall resection and prosthetic reconstruction for a large adenocarcinoma of the upper lobe (T3N0M0). Her postoperative recovery was satisfactory, and she subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy.