Changes in muscle cross-sectional area during two menstrual cycles may not be exclusively attributed to resistance training.

This study investigated the impact of menstrual cycle (MC) phases and resistance training (RT) on muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in two MCs utilizing a within-subject design. Twenty women with regular MCs had their legs randomly allocated to either the control (CON) or RT condition, which included 16 training sessions over two MCs. CSA, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) were assessed during the menstruation (M), ovulation (O), and luteal (L) phases in the first (M1, O1, L1) and second (M2, O2, L2) MCs and at the beginning of the third MC (M3).

Androgen receptor markers do not differ between nonresponders and responders to resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline values and acute and chronic changes in androgen receptors (AR) markers, including total AR, cytoplasmic (cAR), and nuclear (nAR) fractions, as well as DNA-binding activity (AR-DNA), are involved in muscle hypertrophy responsiveness by comparing young nonresponder and responder individuals. After 10 wk of resistance training (RT), participants were identified as nonresponders using two typical errors (TE) obtained through two muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) ultrasound measurements (2 × TE; 4.94%), and the highest responders within our sample were numerically matched.

Acute and Chronic Changes in Muscle Androgen Receptor Markers Are Not Associated with Muscle Hypertrophy in Women and Men.

Purpose: Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling have been regarded as a mechanism for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, little is known about the associations between acute and chronic changes in skeletal muscle total AR, cytoplasmic AR (cAR), nuclear AR (nAR), and AR DNA-binding (AR-DNA) induced by resistance training (RT) and hypertrophy outcomes in women and men. This study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of RT on skeletal muscle total AR, cAR, and nAR contents and AR-DNA in women and men.

Resistance training-induced changes in muscle proteolysis and extracellular matrix remodeling biomarkers in the untrained and trained states.

Purpose: Resistance training (RT) induces muscle growth at varying rates across RT phases, and evidence suggests that the muscle-molecular responses to training bouts become refined or attenuated in the trained state. This study examined how proteolysis-related biomarkers and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling factors respond to a bout of RT in the untrained (UT) and trained (T) state.

Methods: Participants (19 women and 19 men) underwent 10 weeks of RT.

Effects of Resistance Training Overload Progression Protocols on Strength and Muscle Mass.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of progressive overload in resistance training on muscle strength and cross-sectional area (CSA) by specifically comparing the impact of increasing load (LOADprog) versus an increase in repetitions (REPSprog). We used a within-subject experimental design in which 39 previously untrained young persons (20 men and 19 women) had their legs randomized to LOADprog and REPSprog. Outcomes were assessed before and after 10 weeks of training.

Suspension training vs. traditional resistance training: effects on muscle mass, strength and functional performance in older adults.

Purpose: We compared the effects of suspension training (ST) with traditional resistance training (TRT) on muscle mass, strength and functional performance in older adults.

Methods: Forty-two untrained older adults were randomized in TRT, ST (both performed 3 sets of whole body exercises to muscle failure) or control group (CON). Muscle thickness (MT) of biceps brachii (MT) and vastus lateralis (MT), maximal dynamic strength test (1RM) for biceps curl (1RM) and leg extension exercises (1RM), and functional performance tests (chair stand [CS], timed up and go [TUG] and maximal gait speed [MGS]) were performed before and after 12 weeks of training.